MIC and MBC of red fruit extract (Pandanus conoideus Lam) against periodontal pathogens bacteria
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Martina Amalia(1*), Vivi Oktavia Manik(2), Indrawati Jafar(3), Shaskhia Angelina Br Ginting(4)
(1) Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra
(2) Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra
(3) Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra
(4) Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
There are only few studies on the antibacterial activity of red fruit extract (Pandanus conoideus Lam) against oral pathogenic bacteria. Thus, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of red fruit extracts by looking at the Minimum inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The subjects of this study were Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277). The antibacterial effectiveness of red fruit extract was tested by the liquid dilution method (microdilution). The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test followed by a double comparison test with the Post Hoc Least Significance Different (LSD) test method. The red fruit extract effectively inhibited and eliminated test bacteria (p <0.05). Our study showed that the red fruit extracts at a concentration of 20% could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was determined as the MIC strength of 80% as MBC of both bacteria tested. Furthermore, red fruit extract at the concentration of 10% showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, which was determined as MIC of Fusobacterium nucleatum and the strength of 40% as MBC of Fusobacterium nucleatum. The red fruit extracts were significantly effective against the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis provide essential information for further in vivo clinical studies to determine the exact dosage and clinical effectiveness of periodontal disease.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Newman MG, Takey HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Chronic Periodontitis In Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 11th ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2012: 63-70.
2. Tettamanti L, Gaudio RM, Cura F, Mucchi D, Illuzzi N, Tagliabue A. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens among Italian patients with chronic periodontitis: a retrospective study on 2992 patients. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2017; 10(1): 28-36. doi: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.028
3. Chigasaki O, Takeuchi Y, Aoki A, Sasaki Y, Mizutani K, Aoyama N, Ikeda Y, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. A crosssectional study on the periodontal status and prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens in the Japanese population. J Oral Sci. 2018; 60(2): 293-303. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0223
4. Lemos JA, Palmer SR, Zeng L, Wen ZT, Kajfasz JK, Freires IA, Abranches J, Brady LJ. The Biology of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Spectr. 2019; 7(1).
doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018.
5. Signat B, Roques C, Poulet P, Duffaut D. Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2011; 13(2): 25-36.
6. How KY, Song KP, Chan KG. Porphyromonas gingivalis: an overview of periodontopathic
pathogen below the gum line. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 53. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00053
7. Setiawan A, Lastianny A P, Herawati D. Efektivitas aplikasi madu murni terhadap penyembuhan jaringan periodontal pada perawatan periodontitis penderita hipertensi.
J Ked Gi 2013; 4(4): 228-235.
8. Ismail. Factors affecting society’s decision on choosing traditional medicine In Gampong
Lam Ujong. Idea Nursing Journal. 2015; 6(1): 7-14.
9. Suripatty BA. Persentase hidup buah merahdi lapangan. UNIERA. 2017; 6(1): 19-22.
10. Sarungallo ZL, Murtiningrum, Santoso B, Roreng MK, Latumahina RMM. Nutrient content of three clones of red fruit (pandanus conoideus lam) during the maturity development. IFRJ. 2016; 23(3): 1217-1225.
11. Indrawati I. Sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.). AIP Conference Proceedings. 2016: 020028.1-9.
12. Damayanti L, Evangelina IA, Laviana A, Herdiyati Y, Kurnia D. Antibacterial Activity
Of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Against Bacterial. TODENTJ. 2020; 14: 113-
119. doi: 10.2174/18742106020140113
13. Ács K, Balázs VL, Kocsis B, Bencsik T, Boszormenyi A, Horvath G. Antibacterial activity evaluation of selected essential oils in liquid and vapor phase on respiratory tract
pathogens. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018; 18(1): 227.
doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2291-9
14. Desouky E, Shalaby M, Gohar M, Gerges M. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of silver
nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates from
Zagazig University Hospitals. Microbes and Infectious Diseases. 2020; 1(1): 15-23.
doi: 10.21608/MID.2020.27148.1003
15. Satriyanto B, Widjanarko SB, Yunianta. Stabilitas warna ekstrak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) terhadap pemanasan sebagai sumber potensial pigmen alami. J Teknologi Pertanian. 2012; 13(3): 157-168.
16. Tarman K, Purwaningsih S, Puspita Negara A. Antibacterial activity of Rhizophora mucronata Against Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria. JPHPI. 2013; 16(3): 249-256.
17. Martinez de Tejada G, Gómez SS, Kowalsk I, Kaconis Y, Heinbockel L, Andrä J, Schürholz
T, Hornef M, Dupont A, Garidel P, Lohner K, Gutsmann T, David SA, Brandenburg K. Bacterial cell wall compounds as promising targets of antimicrobial agents I. Antimicrobial peptides and lipopolyamines. Curr Drug Targets. 2012; 13(9): 1121–1130.
doi: 10.2174/138945012802002410
18. Amin A, Radji M, Mun’im A, Rahardjo A, Suryadi H. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from Stelechocarpus burahol fruit against oral bacteria and total flavonoids content. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2018; 10(2s): s97-s100. doi:10.5530/jyp.2018.2s.19
19. Pujiastuti P, Lestari S. Perbedaan efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih merah (Piper
crocatum) pada Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Streptococcus viridans. Stomatognatic - Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2015; 12(1): 1-4.
20. Choi CH, Deguzman JV, Lamont RJ, Yilmaz O. Genetic transformation of an obligate anaerob
P. Gingivalis for FMN-Green fluorescent protein expression in studying host-microbe interaction. Plos One. 2011; 6(4): 1-8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018499
21. Lopez-Romero JC, Gonzales-Rios H, Borges A, Simoes M. Antibacterial effects and mode of action of selected essential oils components against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. HINDAWI. 2015: 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2015/795435
22. Djamil R, Karina D, Winarti W. Studi farmakognosi, penapisan fitokimia, dan uji hayati secara BSLT dari Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2006; 4(2): 55-59.
23. Murtiningrum, Sarungallo ZL, Mawiker NL. The exploration and diversity of red fruit
(Pandanus conoideus Lam) from Papua based on its physical characteristics and chemical composition. Biodiversity. 2012; 13(3): 124-129.
24. Rahman FA, Haniastuti T, Utami TW. Skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak
etanol daun sirsak (Annonamuricata L.) pada Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. Majalah
Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2017; 3(1): 1-7. doi: 10.22146/majkedgiind.11325
25. Astridwiyanti AAB, Mahendra AN, Dewi NWS. Uji efektivitas ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga
merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 secara
in vitro. Intisari Sains Medis. 2019; 10(3): 482-486.
26. Dzoyem JP, Hamamoto H, Ngameni B, Ngadjui BT, Sekimizu K. Antimicrobial action
mechanism of flavonoid from Dorstenia Species. Drug Discov Ther. 2013; 7(2): 66-72.
27. Dewi DW, Khotimah S, Liana DF. Pemanfaatan infusa lidah buaya (Aloe vera L) sebagai antiseptik pembersih tangan terhadap jumlah koloni kuman. J Cerebellum. 2016; 2(3): 577-589.
28. Sapora TU, Waworuntu O, Juliatri. Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pacar air (Impatients
balsamina L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pharmacon. 2016; 5(4): 10-17.
29. Sudarmi K, Gede Darmayasa IB, Muksin IK. Uji fitokimia dan daya hambat ekstrak daun juwet (Syzgiuim cumini) terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC. Simbiosis. 2017; 5(2): 47-51. doi: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2017.v05.i02.p03
30. Kumoro AC. Teknologi ekstraksi senyawa bahan aktif dari tanaman obat. Plantaxia.
2015; 11, 37, 43-44.
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Article Metrics
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-graph.png)
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-pdf.png)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.