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* Corresponding Author
Efektivitas terapi tambahan berbasis bahan herbal alam untuk regenerasi tulang pada periodontitis
https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.109353 Ayu Melisa(1*), Martina Amalia(2)
(1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Periodonsia, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Periodontologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Periodontitis merupakan peradangan jaringan pendukung gigi yang ditandai dengan hilangnya perlekatan klinis dan resorpsi tulang alveolar. Bakteri anaerob gram negatif memicu inflamasi, melepaskan receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) dan osteoprotegerin (OPG) yang meningkatkan aktivitas osteoklas dan resorpsi tulang. Beberapa perawatan tambahan dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas klinis pada perawatan periodontal. Sumber daya alam berupa ekstrak tanaman dengan senyawa fitokimianya memiliki efek yang bermanfaat terhadap regenerasi tulang. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efikasi ekstrak tanaman pada regenerasi tulang pada kasus periodontitis. Pencarian literatur yang komprehensif menggunakan PubMed, Google Cendekia, dan Ebscohost. Seluruh artikel yang ditinjau merupakan studi eksperimental in vivo pada tikus yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2014 hingga 2024. Tinjauan literatur ini mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Sejumlah 2.029 artikel yang teridentifikasi dari penelusuran awal diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi hingga diperoleh hasil akhir 5 artikel yang berfokus pada efikasi regenerasi tulang dari lima ekstrak tanaman, yaitu Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Kunyit Jawa (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), Uncaria tomentosa, dan Gambir. Seluruh penelitian tersebut menggunakan model in vivo yang melibatkan tikus Wistar atau Sprague-Dawley dengan pemodelan periodontitis yang diinduksi. Analisis sistemastis mengungkapkan beragam metode pemberian, dosis, dan teknik penilaian. Hasil penelitian terutama diukur dengan tingkat RANKL dan OPG. Semua ekstrak secara positif mempengaruhi regenerasi tulang melalui variasi durasi dan dosis perawatan, dengan sebagian besar perawatan berlangsung selama 11 hari dengan pemberian ekstrak tanaman secara oral. Bahan herbal alam memiliki khasiat untuk regenerasi tulang dengan hasil penurunan RANKL dan peningkatan kadar OPG yang potensial untuk pengobatan periodontitis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mkgk.109353
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