Kinerja Pendidikan Dasar Setelah Sembilan Tahun Otonomi Asimetris di Provinsi Papua Barat

Mohammad Uswanas; Yeremias T. Keban; Agus Heruanto Hadna; Pande Made Kutanegara

doi:10.22146/jp.44150

Kinerja Pendidikan Dasar Setelah Sembilan Tahun Otonomi Asimetris di Provinsi Papua Barat

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.44150

Mohammad Uswanas^(1*), Yeremias T. Keban⁽²⁾, Agus Heruanto Hadna⁽³⁾, Pande Made Kutanegara⁽⁴⁾

(1) Magister dan Doktor Studi Kebijakan, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(2) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(3) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(4) Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Special Autonomy (Otsus) for Papua and West Papua is expected to improve people’s welfare comprehensively. The implementation of Otsus for Papua and West Papua has emphasized on the development or improvement of education, particularly basic education, particularly the basic education. The granting of Otsus status is accompanied by a sufficient financial supports to conduct development programs in both provinces. However, a question has araised which needed to be answered. Did the large financial support could significantly increase the coverage as well as improve the quality of basic education services in West Papua Province? The purpose of this study is to determine the driving and hindering factors of education performance in West Papua Province by utilizing descriptive-evaluative methods and ex-post facto. Secondary data is obtained from relevant institutions and pimary data is obtained from in-depth interviews, participatory observations, document reviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The study reveals that the policy of asymmetric decentralization education in West Papua Province is far from expectations. Factors that hindered the improvement basic education in West Papua Province are policy implementations, standardization of achievements, regional sovereignity in preparing program plans and action plans. Asides from that were specific factors, such as accessibilty, school proximity, geographical constraints and low dedication of teachers.

Keywords

asymmetrical autonomy; special autonomy; basic education; education performance

Full Text:

PDF

References

Agustinus, John. 2013. “Phenomelogical Study on the Financial Performance and Accountability of Special Autonomy Fund Management in Education Sector at Papua Province”. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 6, Issue 6, pp. 30-40.

Creswell, John W. 2013. Steps in Conducting a Scholarly Mixed Methods Study. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.

Creswell, John W. 2014. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Dunn, William N., 2004. Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction, Third Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Fatem,Agustinus,2012.“SebelasTahun Implementasi Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus di Tanah Papua: Isu, Target, dan Upaya Perbaikan”. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 10, No. 3, Desember, hlm. 135-144.

Hanushek, E.A dan Wößmann, L. 2010. Education and Economic Growth. International Encyclopedia of Education. Vol. 2. Pp. 245-252

Moran, Michael, Martin Rein, dan Robert E. Goodin, 2006. The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Musa’ad, H. Mohammad A., dkk., 2010. “Menata Ulang Hubungan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia: Identifikasi Hambatan Implementasi Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus Papua”. Laporan Penelitian. Jayapura: Pusat Kajian Demokrasi (Democratic Center) Universitas Cendrawasih.

Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Barat. 2010. Rencana Strategis Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Papua Barat.

Pemerintah Kabupaten Sorong. 2012. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Sorong.

Hilum, Rium, Iriwi L. Sinon, Nurhaida, dan Ishak Samuel Erari. 2009. Peranan Otonomi Khusus Papua Dalam Pemerataan Pendidikan Di Papua Barat. Jayapura: Universitas Negeri Papua.

Jaweng, Robert Eni. 2011. “Kritik Terhadap Desentralisasi Asimetris di Indonesia”. Analisis CSIS. 40(2), pp. 160-176.

Kurniadi, Bayu Dardias. 2012. “Desentralisasi Asimetris di Indonesia”. Makalah disampaikan dalam seminar di LAN Jatinangor pada 26 November.

Litvack, Jennie; Ahmad, Junaid; dan Bird, Richard.1998.RethinkingDecentralization in Developing Countries. Washington: The World Bank.

McGinn, N., dan Welsh, T. 1999. Decentralization of Education: Why, When, What and How. Paris: Unesco.

Modouw, James. 2013. Pendidikan dan Peradaban Papua: Suatu Tinjauan Kritis Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Bajawa Press.

Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Sorong. Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Barat. 2017. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Provinsi Papua Barat.

Pratama, Yudha, A. 2015. “Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi Asimetris dalam Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah di Era Demokrasi”. Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. 28(1). 1-14.

Ramdhani A., Ramdhani M., A. 2017. “Konsep Umum Kebijakan Publik”. Jurnal Publik. Vol. 11 (01):1-12.

Shaleh, Khairul. 2014. Pengaruh Alokasi Anggaran Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Kelulusan Pendidikan Dasar dan Pendidikan Menengah: Studi Empiris pada Kabupaten/Kota Propinsi Jawa Tengah. 3rd Economics and Business Research Festival. Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Widyatama.

Situmorang, Elina, 2007. “Analisa Kebijakan Investasi dan Ketenagakerjaan di Provinsi Papua Barat”. Working Paper 3, Juli. Kerja sama Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Barat, United Nations Development Programme, dan International Labour Organization.

Treisman, Daniel, 2002. Defining and Measuring Decentralization: A Global Perspective. Los Angeles: Department of Political Science, University of California.

Tschannen-Moran, Megan., Hoy, Anita Woolfolk., dan Hoy,

Wayne K. 1998. “Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure”. Review of Educational Research, 68(2), pp. 202-248.

Unesco. 2004. Reforming The Ministry to Improve Education: An Institutional Analysis of the Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES) of Nepal. Working document. International Institute for Education Planning (IIEP) Printshop. Paris.

Waimbo, Danny Erlis dan Prapto Yuwono. 2012. “Dinamika Masyarakat Papua pada Era Otonomi Khusus”. KRITIS, Jurnal Studi Pembangunan Interdisiplin, Vol. XXI, No. 1, hlm. 20-34.

Yudho, Winarno, Andi M. Asrun, Ahsin Tohari, Bisariyadi, dan Nanang Subekti. 2006. Analisis Sosio-Yuridis dan Politik Implementasi Otonomi Khusus Papua Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Cetakan I. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia dan Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.44150