Analysis of Determinan of Stunting Prevalence among Stunted Toddlers in Indonesia

Agus Joko Pitoyo; Agustinur Saputri; Riska Eka Agustina; Tri Handayani

doi:10.22146/jp.75796

Analysis of Determinan of Stunting Prevalence among Stunted Toddlers in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.75796

Agus Joko Pitoyo^(1*), Agustinur Saputri⁽²⁾, Riska Eka Agustina⁽³⁾, Tri Handayani⁽⁴⁾

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Stunting is regarded as one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunted toddlers in Indonesia showed a decline from 37.2 percent in 2013 to 30.8 percent in 2018. However, this was still far from the WHO target, which should be less than 20 percent. There were two objectives of this study, firstly, to determine the general condition of health and nutrition of toddlers as well as the general condition of households in Indonesia. The second one was to examine the determinants of stunting in toddlers. The data were obtained from Riskesdas 2018, Podes 2018, and population projections per district/city from Statistics Indonesia. The method was carried out using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings showed that all regions in Indonesia, excluding DKI Jakarta, experienced cases of stunted toddlers categorized in high and very high categories. The regression results confirmed that the prevalence of malnutrition toddlers, the prevalence of obese toddlers, complete basic immunization coverage, the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age, the proportion of villages that had adequate midwives per population, as well as the coverage of access and clean water sources had a significant effect on the prevalence of stunted toddlers in Indonesia. The case of stunted toddlers was mainly caused by poverty, bad lifestyle, inadequate health services, and low access to clean water. Therefore, the government policies are then needed, especially those related to socio-economic determinants.

Keywords

stunting; toddler; health; malnutrition

Full Text:

PDF

References

Atmarita. 2018. Asupan Gizi yang Optimal untuk Mencegah Stunting. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Edisi I Semester I. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/ resources/download/pusdatin/buletin/ Buletin-Stunting-2018.pdf, accessed on August 29, 2019, at 14.34 a.m. Balitbangkes. 2019a. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Balitbangkes. 2019b. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI. Bappenas. 2009. Kajian Evaluasi Pembangunan Sektoral: Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Kelangsungan Hidup Anak. Jakarta: Bappenas. Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. 2018. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition,14(4), e12617. accessed on November 12, 2019, at November 20, 2019. Blum, H. L. 1981. Planning for Health. New York: Human Sciences. de Onis, M., et al. 2019. Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight, and stunting in children under 5 years. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 175–179. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002434 accessed on November 12, 2019, at 08.58 a.m. Frongillo, E. A., Jr, de Onis, M., & Hanson, K. M. 1997. Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors are Associated with Worldwide Patterns of Stunting and Wasting of Children. The Journal of Nutrition, 127(12), 2302–2309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.12.2302, accessed on December 3, 2019, at 07.23 a.m. Harvard T.H. Chan. 2016. Top Risk for Child Stunting in Developing World; Poor Growth Before Birth. Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/ press-releases/child-stunting-growth- in-womb/, accessed on November 27, 2019, at 09.36 a.m. Hoffman, D. J., Sawaya, A. L., Verreschi, I., Tucker, K. L., & Roberts, S. B. 2000. Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from São Paulo, Brazil. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(3), 702–707. https://doi. org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.702 accessed on November 13, 2019, at 08.51 a.m. Nasrul, N., Hafid, F., Thaha, A. R., & Suriah, S. 2016. Faktor Risiko Stunting Usia 6-23 Bulan di Kecamatan Bontoramba Kabupaten Jeneponto. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 11(3), 139-146. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/ mkmi/article/view/518, accessed on, November 11, 2019, at 10.39 a.m. Ni’mah,Khoirun dan Nadhiroh, Siti Rahayu. 2015. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10 (1), 13-19. http://dx.doi. org/10.20473/mgi.v10i1.13-19, accessed on, December 5, 2019, at 09.31 a.m. Pusdatin Kemenkes RI. 2018. Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Edisi I Semester I. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. TNP2K. 2017. Ringkasan 100 Kabupaten/ Kota Prioritas untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta: Sekretariat Wapres RI. TNP2K. 2018. Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting 2018-2024. Jakarta: Sekretariat Wapres RI. UNICEF, WHO, dan World Bank. 2019. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2019 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization. UNICEF. 2019. The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition Growing Well in A Changing World. New York: UNICEF. Statistics Indonesia (BPS). 2019. Berita Resmi Statistik Pertumbuhan Ekonomi DKI Jakarta Triwulan IV 2018. Jakarta: BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/ pressrelease/2019/02/06/335/ pertumbuhan-ekonomi-dki- jakarta-tahun-2018-sebesar-6-17- persen.html#:~:text=Ekonomi%20 Jakarta%20tahun%202018% 20tumbuh,dicapai%20oleh%20 komponen%20Pengeluaran%20 Konsumsi, accessed on, November 11, 2019, at 09.36 a.m.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.75796