Studies on Encapsulation of Gas Releasing Agent in Ca-Alginate Beads and Controlled Release Pattern of the Beads

Yee Ming Peh; Mohammad Afiq  Haikal Izam; Boon Beng Lee; Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi; Farizul Hafiz  Kasim; Hafizah Mohd Johar; Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub; Md Nabil Ab Adzim Saifuddin; Nguyen Thi Le Lien

doi:10.22146/ajche.12280

Yee Ming Peh Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3708-8683
Mohammad Afiq Haikal Izam Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Boon Beng Lee Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau. Perlis. Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-0852
Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Farizul Hafiz Kasim Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-4833
Hafizah Mohd Johar Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Md Nabil Ab Adzim Saifuddin Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Nguyen Thi Le Lien Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thoung Kiet St., Dist.10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-0247

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.12280

Keywords: Ca-alginate Bead, Encapsulation, Gas Releasing Agent, Gas Release Kinetics

Abstract

Calcium alginate beads have been used to control release gases and volatile compounds for agricultural applications, drug delivery, waste treatment, and food product enhancement. The release rate of the gas and vapor depends on the diffusion of gas and vapor through the Ca-alginate gel matrix. However, the knowledge about the effect of process variables on the diffusion rate of gas and vapor still needs to be improved. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of alginate concentration, gas release agent concentration, and bead size on the concentration of gas released from Ca-alginate beads. In this study, calcium carbonate was used as the model gas release agent, encapsulated in Ca-alginate beads to release carbon dioxide when the beads reacted with an acetic acid solution. The results showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide released by the beads depended on the bead diameter. The gas release rate was increased when the diameter of the beads was increased. The total amount of gas produced by the large beads was observed to be higher than that of small beads. Compared to small beads, large beads take longer to react completely to produce carbon dioxide gas. It was also found that the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the Ca-alginate beads was inversely proportional to alginate concentration but directly proportional to calcium carbonate concentration. The results indicated that the gas diffusion rate of the Ca-alginate beads can be tailored by adjusting the process variables of the Ca-alginate bead encapsulation process.

Author Biography

Boon Beng Lee, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau. Perlis. Malaysia

Boon-Beng Lee is a senior lecturer in Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis. In 2019-2022, he was appointed as the chairman of Bioprocess/Chemical Engineering programme. Prior to this position, he was working as a process engineer in a medical device manufacturing factory for more than two years. He received his PhD in 2019 from the University of Queensland, Australia. His research interest includes encapsulation technology, biopolymer properties characterization, food processing technology, and natural rubber processing technology. He had received research grant with a total of RM 500 000 from various agencies in the past. He had published more than 20 articles in peer-reviewed journals, more than 25 conference papers and 2 book chapters.

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