Perfomance of Chromium-Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts in the Combustion of Volatile Organic Compound Pollutants
Keywords:
coke, chromium-exchanged zeolites, combustion, deactivation, stability, volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Abstract
The activity and stability of chromium-exchanged beta (Cr-BEA),mordenite (Cr-MOR), and ZSM-5 (Cr-ZSM-5) zeolites of different Si/Alratios for volatile organic compounds (VOCS) combustion were reported. A fixed-bed catalytic reactor operated between 100 and 500°C and at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 32,000 h'! was used for the study. Methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, hexane, toluene, and xylene, all at 2,000 ppm, were selected as the VOC model compounds. Oxygenated VOCs were more reactive while showing good carton dioxide yield. Aromatics were more stable due to their resonance effect but the reactivity increased with the attachment of an electron donor group such as the methyl group. Cr-ZSM- 5(240) demonstrated the highest hydrothermal stability due to its high Si/Al ratio. Despite giving a high initial activity due to its high metal loading, Cr-BEA(25) was susceptible to coking in the long run. The high coke formation in mordenite and beta zeolites was attributed to their high acidity, interconnecting channels of different sizes, and relatively larger pore sizes. The coke that formed on Cr-ZSM-5(240) was more carbonaceous and oxidized at higher temperatures.References
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24. Zhang, M., Zhao, B., and Chuang, K. T. (1997). "Catalytic deep oxidation of volatile organic compounds over fluorinated carbon supported platinum catalysts at low temperatures," Appl. Catal. B, 13, 123-30.
25. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S. (2003a). "A kinetic study of catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air stream over Cr-ZSM-5 catalyst," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 6059-67. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S.
26. (2003b). "Coking characteristics of chromium-exchanged ZSM-5 in catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5737-44.
2. Atwood, G. A., Greene, H, L., Chintawar, P., Rachapudi, R., Ramachandran, B., and Vogel, C. A. (1998). “Trichloroethylene sorption and oxidation using a dual function applications, Weitkamp, J., and Puppe, L., eds., Springer, Berlin, 81–197.
3. Niu, G., Huang, Y., Chen, X., He, J., Liu, Y., and He, A. (1999). "Thermal and hydrothermal stability of siliceous Y zeolites and its application to high temperature catalytic combustion,” Appl. Catal, B, 21, 63–70.
4. Ordóñez, S., Bello, L., Sastre, H., Rosal, R., and Diez, F. V. (2002). "Kinetics of the deep oxidation of benzene, toluene, n-hexane, and their binary mixtures over a platinum on y-alumina catalyst,” Appl. Catal B, 38, 139..49
5. Patterson, M. J., Angove, D. E., Cant, N. W., and Nelson, P. F. (1999). "The formation of benzene and chlorobenzene during the oxidation of toluene over rhodium-based catalysts,” Appl. Catal. B, 20, 123-31.
6. Sahoo, S. K., Viswanadham, R. N., Gupta, J. K., and Singh, I. D . (2001) “Studies on acidity, activity, and coke deactivation of ZSM-5 during n-heptane aromatization," Appl. Catal. A, 205, 1-10.
7. Zhang, M., Zhao, B., and Chuang, K. T. (1997). "Catalytic deep oxidation of volatile organic compounds over fluorinated carbon supported platinum catalysts at low temperatures,” Appl. Catal. B, 13, 123-30.
8. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S. (2003a). “A kinetic study of catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air stream over Cr-ZSM-5 catalyst," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 6059–67.
9. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S. (2003b). "Coking characteristics of chromium-exchanged ZSM-5 in catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5737-44.
10. sorbent/catalyst in a falling furnace reactor, Appl. Catal. B, 18, 51-61. Bartholomew, C. H. (2001). "Mechanisms of catalyst deactivation,” Appl. Catal. A, 212, 17-60.
11. Becker, L., and Förster, H. (1998). "Oxidative decomposition of benzene and its methyl derivatives catalyzed by copper and palladium ion-exchanged Y-type zeolites," Appi. Catal. B, 17, 43-9.
12. Blauwhoff, P. M. M., Gosselink, J. W., Kieffer, E. P., Sie, S. T., and Stork, W. H.J. (1999). “Zeolites as catalysts in industrial processes," Catalysis and zeolites: Fundamentals and applications, Weitkamp, J., and Puppe, L., eds., Springer, Berlin. 437–538.
13. Chen, N. Y., Degnan, T. F, and Smith, C. M. (1994). Molecular transport and reaction in zeolites: Design and application of shape selective catalysts, Wiley, New York.
14. Chintawar, P. S., and Greene, H. L. (1997). “Adsorption and catalytic destruction of trichloroethylene in hydrophobic zeolites," Appl. Catal. B, 14, 37-47.
15. Dégé, P., Pinard, L., Magnoux, P., and Guisnet, M. “Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds II: Influence of the physicochemical characteristics of Pd/ HFAU catalysts on the oxidation of o xylene, Appl. Catal. B, vol. 27, p. 17 26, 2000.
16. Guisnet, M., Dégé, P., and Magnoux, P. (1999). "Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds 1. Oxidation of xylene over a 0.2 wt% Pd/HFAU(17) catalyst," Appl. Catal. B, 20, 1-13.
17. Isaacs, N. (1995). Physical organic chemistry, 2nd ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, England.
18. Karmakar, S., and Greene, H. L. (1992). "Oxidative destruction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 and CFC-12) by zeolite catalysts," J. Catal., 138, 364_76
19. Kohl, A. L., and Nielsen, R. B. (1997). Gas purification, 5th ed., Gulf Publishing Company, Texas.
20. Kühl, G. H. (1999). "Modification of zeolites," Catalysis and zeolites: Fundamentals and applications, Weitkamp, J., and Puppe, L., eds., Springer, Berlin, 81-197
21. Niu, G., Huang, Y., Chen, X., He, J., Liu, Y., and He, A. (1999). "Thermal and hydrothermal stability of siliceous Y- zeolites and its application to high- temperature catalytic combustion,” Appl. Catal. B, 21, 63-70.
22. Ordóñez, S., Bello, L., Sastre, H., Rosal, R., and Diez, F. V. (2002). "Kinetics of the deep oxidation of benzene, toluene, n-hexane, and their binary mixtures over a platinum on y-alumina catalyst,” Appl. Catal B, 38, 139-49.
23. Patterson, M. J., Angove, D. E., Cant, N. W., and Nelson, P. F. (1999). "The formation of benzene and chlorobenzene during the oxidation of toluene over rhodium-based catalysts," Appl. Catal. B, 20, 123-31. Sahoo, S. K., Viswanadham, R. N., Gupta, J. K., and Singh, I. D. (2001) "Studies on acidity, activity, and coke deactivation of ZSM-5 during n-heptane aromatization," Appl. Catal. A, 205, 1–10.
24. Zhang, M., Zhao, B., and Chuang, K. T. (1997). "Catalytic deep oxidation of volatile organic compounds over fluorinated carbon supported platinum catalysts at low temperatures," Appl. Catal. B, 13, 123-30.
25. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S. (2003a). "A kinetic study of catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air stream over Cr-ZSM-5 catalyst," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 6059-67. Zuhairi, A. A., Zailani, M. A. B., and Bhatia, S.
26. (2003b). "Coking characteristics of chromium-exchanged ZSM-5 in catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate and benzene in air," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5737-44.
Published
2004-12-31
How to Cite
Abdullah, A. Z., Abu Bakar, M. Z., & Bhatia, S. (2004). Perfomance of Chromium-Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts in the Combustion of Volatile Organic Compound Pollutants. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(2), 66-74. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/7626
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