Co-solvent Selection for Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds from Polygonum minus

Masturah Markom; Norsyamimi Hassim; Nurina Anuar; Syarul Nataqain  Baharum

Masturah Markom Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Norsyamimi Hassim Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nurina Anuar Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Syarul Nataqain Baharum Institute of Systems Biology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Keywords: Polygonum minus, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, co-solvent, phelic content, antioxidant capacity, biological activity

Abstract

This study evaluated the biological activity (antioxidant assay) of Polygonum minus extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) added with different types of co-solvents. The seven co-solvents employed were water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol for selection of the best co-solvent prior to optimization of SFE. 70% methanol produced the highest total yield of extract (33.1%) compared to other co-solvents. The antioxidant capacity was then evaluated using four different assays: the total phenolic content (TP), the total flavonoid content (TF), the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the free radical-scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The highest TP and TF were from 70% methanol extract (11.2 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g sample (mg GAE/g) and 11.9 ± 0.03 mg CAE/g sample (mg CEQ/g) respectively). 70% metanol extract also showed the highest FRAP value (346.7 ± 0.66 µmol Fe (II)/g sample) and the highest percentage of DPPH radical inhibition was also shown by 70% methanol extract (88.7 ± 0.40%). There was a positive correlation between the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) with those of TP and TF contents. Therefore, the best co-solvent chosen for further optimization of SFE is 70% methanol.

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