Study of Polymeric Membranes Potential for Eugenol Purification from Crude Clove leaf Oil

  • Tutuk Djoko Kusworo Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Indonesia
  • Danny Soetrisnanto Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Indonesia
  • Widayat Widayat Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Indonesia
  • Budiyono Budiyono Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Indonesia
  • Dani Puji Utomo Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Indonesia
Keywords: clove oil, dead-end filtration, eugenol, polymeric membrane, purification

Abstract

Clove oil is an agricultural commodity with economic value. This essential oil can be obtained from flowers, stems, and leaves of clove plants. The quality of clove oil can be evaluated from eugenol levels in oil. An increase in eugenol levels from 70% to 98% can increase oil prices by up to 3 times. Oil obtained from clove leaves has a low eugenol content of 60-70%, therefore the purification is needed to improve the quality of oil. Membrane based separation for eugenol purification was suggested in this paper as new concept in essential oils purification processes. This study aimed to explore the suitable polymer as membrane material for eugenol purification. PES, PA, CA and PI were used in this study, where the membranes were prepared via NIPS technique using manual casting knife to form flat sheet membranes. The membranes were immersed in eugenol to evaluate the solubility. The insoluble membrane was used for purification performance test in membrane filtration cell. The results show that PES and PA membranes were completely dissolved in eugenol in less than 1 minute, while PI and CA membranes were insoluble in eugenol. However, the PI membrane has much lower solvent permeability than CA membrane. The thermal annealed PES membrane for 3 h at 180°C dissolved in eugenol in 30 minutes for complete dissolution. It is concluded that PI and CA membranes can be used as membrane material for eugenol purification but CA more favorable, while PES membrane has a potential for similar purposes after being thermal annealed. However, these findings can offer an important reference for the application of polymeric membranes for clove oil purification through an effective and efficient process.

References

1. Amnuaypanich, S., Patthana, J., & Phinyocheep, P. (2009). Mixed matrix membranes prepared from natural rubber/poly (vinyl alcohol) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (NR/PVA semi-IPN) incorporating with zeolite 4A for the pervaporation dehydration of water–ethanol mixtures. Chemical Engineering Science, 64(23), 4908-4918.
2. Ayoola, G. A., Lawore, F. M., Adelowotan, T., Aibinu, I. E., Adenipekun, E., Coker, H. A. B., & Odugbemi, T. O. (2008). Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzigium aromaticum (clove). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(7), 162-166.
3. Boam, A. Meniconi, and X. Wu,(2013).Membrane-based processes for selectively fractionating essential oils. WO Patent No. 2013167307 A1.
4. Carlson, L. H. C., Bolzan, A., & Machado, R. A. F. (2005). Separation of d-limonene from supercritical CO2by means of membranes.The Journal of supercritical fluids,34(2), 143-147.
5. Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla‐Nakbi, A. B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K., & Bakhrouf, A. (2007). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(6), 501-506.
6. Dupuy, A., Athes, V., Schenk, J., Jenelten, U., & Souchon, I. (2011). Solvent extraction of highly valuable oxygenated terpenes from lemon essential oil using a polypropylene membrane contactor: potential and limitations.Flavour and fragrance journal,26(3), 192-203.
7. Guan, W., Li, S., Yan, R., Tang, S., & Quan, C. (2007). Comparison of essential oils of clove buds extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and other three traditional extraction methods. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1558-1564.
8. Hidayati, N. (2003). Ekstraksi eugenol dari minyak daun cengkeh. Jurnal Teknik Gelagar, 14(2), 108-114.
9. Kusworo, T. D., Soetrisnanto, D., & Utomo, D. P. (2018a). Development of Nano-hybrid Cellulose Acetate/TiO2 Membrane for Eugenol Purification from Crude Clove Leaf Oil. In MATEC Web ofConferences(Vol. 156, p. 08013). EDP Sciences.
10. Kusworo, T. D., Utomo, D. P., & Ramadhan, I. R. (2018b). Enhancement of separation performance of nano hybrid PES–TiO2 membrane using three combination effects of ultraviolet irradiation, ethanol-acetone immersion, and thermal annealing process for CO2 removal. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(2), 2865-2873.
11. Kusworo, T. D., Aryanti, N., & Utomo, D. P. (2017a). Effect of ultraviolet on the morphology and performance of PES-nano-silica hybrid membrane for produced water treatment. Advanced Science Letters, 23(6), 5744-5747.
12. Kusworo, T. D., Aryanti, N., Anggita, R. A., Setyorini, T. A. D., & Utomo, D. P. (2017b). Surface modification and performance enhancement of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane using combination of ultra violet irradiation and thermal annealing for produced water treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10(1), 35-43.
13. Marwati, T., Rusli, M. S., Noor, E., & Mulyono, E. (2005). Peningkatan mutu minyak daun cengkeh melalui proses pemurnian.Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian,2(2), 45-52.
14. Moghadassi, A. R., Rajabi, Z., Hosseini, S. M., & Mohammadi, M. (2014). Fabrication and modification of cellulose acetate based mixed matrix membrane: Gas separation and physical properties. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(3), 1050-1060.
15. Nasution, I. K., Susilo, B., & Nugroho, W. A. (2013). Uji Kinerja Alat Pemurni Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh (Clove Leaf Oil) berbasis Membran Kitosan-Selulosa.Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem,2(1).9-14.
16. Peev, G., Penchev, P., Peshev, D., & Angelov, G. (2011). Solvent extraction of rosmarinic acid from lemon balm and concentration of extracts by nanofiltration: Effect of plant pre-treatment by supercritical carbon dioxide.Chemical Engineering Research and Design,89(11), 2236-2243.
17. Rassem, H. H., & Nour, A. H. (2016). Techniques for extraction of essential oils from plants: a review. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(16), 117-127.
18. Suarya, P. (2008). Adsorpsi pengotor minyak daun cengkeh oleh lempung teraktivasi asam.Jurnal kimia,2(1).19-24
19. Tylkowski,B.,I.Tsibranska, R.Kochanov, G.Peev, & M. Giamberini.(2011). Concentration of biologically active compounds extracted from Sideritis ssp. L. by nanofiltration. Food BioproductsProcessing.,89(4), 307-314.
20. Vaisali, Chandrasekar, Sampath Charanyaa, Prasanna D. Belur, and I. Regupathi. "Refining of edible oils: a critical appraisal of current and potential technologies." International Journal of Food Science & Technology50, no. 1 (2015): 13-23.
21. Van de Witte, P., Dijkstra, P. J., Van den Berg, J. W. A., & Feijen, J. (1996). Phase separation processes in polymer solutions in relation to membrane formation. Journal of membrane science, 117(1-2), 1-31.
22. Widayat, W., Haidar, M. H., Cahyono, B., Ngadiwiyana, N., Nurdiana, L., & Satriadi, H. (2014a). Proses Destilasi Vakum Pada Minyak Cengkeh Pada Tekanan Vakum: Simulasi Dan Eksperimen. InProsiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Kimia dan Proses 2013,17, 1-6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University.
23. Widayat, W., Hadiyanto, H., Cahyono, B., & Ngadiwiyana, N. (2014b). Optimization in Eugenol Production from Clove Oil with Saponification–Neutralization Process by using Response Surface Methods. InProsiding International Seminar on Chemical Engineering In conjunction with Chemical Engineering Seminar of Soehadi Reksowardojo 2014(pp. 729-740). Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia.
24. Yi, Y.D., and Bae, Y. 2017. Swelling behaviors of proton exchange membranes in alcohols. Polymer, 130, 112-123.
Published
2018-12-31
How to Cite
Kusworo, T. D., Soetrisnanto, D., Widayat, W., Budiyono, B., & Utomo, D. P. (2018). Study of Polymeric Membranes Potential for Eugenol Purification from Crude Clove leaf Oil. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(2), 81-92. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/9029
Issue
Vol 18 No 2 (2018)
Section
Articles

Copyright holder for articles is ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering. Articles published in ASEAN J. Chem. Eng. are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. 

Authors agree to transfer all copyright rights in and to the above work to the ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Editorial Board so that the Editorial Board shall have the right to publish the work for non-profit use in any media or form. In return, authors retain: (1) all proprietary rights other than copyright; (2) re-use of all or part of the above paper in their other work; (3) right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above paper for authors’ personal use or for company use if the source and the journal copyright notice is indicated, and if the reproduction is not made for the purpose of sale.