Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Heavy Metal Ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) at Infinite Dilution through Electrolytic Conductivity Measurements

  • Dianne Aubrey A. Dimaculangan School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
  • Vergel C Bungay Department of Chemical Engineering, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines
  • Allan N. Soriano Department of Chemical Engineering, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines
Keywords: Diffusion Coefficient, Electrolytic Conductivity, Heavy Metal, Infinite Dilution

Abstract

One important parameter to examine the behavior and mass transfer properties of heavy metal ions is the diffusion coefficient. Due to the costly methods of its determination, a simple process correlating the molar conductivity data to diffusion coefficient was utilized. Molar conductivity data were determined for five (5) different dilute concentrations of the chlorides of the heavy metal ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) and at temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 323.15 K.  The infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of the heavy metals were estimated using the Nernst-Haskell equation and Nernst-Einstein equation. The molar conductivity and the diffusion coefficients values of the ions were in the order of Ba2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Ni3+ with the Ba2+ having the highest molar conductivity with a correlated infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of 1.6565 × 10-9 m2/s at 303.15 K. This study was able to predict the values of the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of heavy metal ions and could contribute to a better understanding of the mobility of heavy metal ions in a water environment

References

Fu, J., Zhao, C., Luo, Y., Liu, C., Kyzas, G. Z., Luo, Y., Zhao, D., An, S., Zhu, H. (2014). “Heavy metals in surface sediments of the Jialu River, China: Their relations to environmental factors,” J. Haz. Mats., 270, 102-109.

Al Bakheet, S. A., Attafi, I. M., Maayah, Z. H., Abd-Allah, A. R., Asiri, Y. A., Korashy, H. M. (2013). “Effect of long-term human exposure to environmental heavy metals on the expression of detoxification and DNA repair genes,” Environ. Pollut., 181, 226-232.

Ribeiro, A. C., Barros, M. C., Teles, A. S., Valente, A. J., Lobo, V. M., Sobral, A. J., Esteso, M. (2008). “Diffusion coefficients and electrical conductivities for calcium chloride aqueous solutions at 298.15 K and 310.15 K,” Electrochim. Acta, 54, 192-196.

Alizadeh, A., De Castro, C. N., Wakeham, W. (1980). “The Theory of the Taylor dispersion technique for liquid diffusivity measurements,” Int. J. Thermophys.,1, 243-284.

Robinson Jr, R., Edmister, W., Dullien, F. (1965). “Calculation of diffusion coefficients from diaphragm cell diffusion data,” J. Phys. Chem., 69, 258-261.

Ambrosini, D., Paoletti, D., Rashidnia, N. (2008). “Overview of diffusion measurements by optical techniques,” Optics Lasers Eng., 46, 852-864.

Lutz, J. L. and Mendenhall, G. D. (2000). “Diffusion coefficients by NMR-Spin Echo Methods for the systems water–ammonium chloride, water–succinonitrile, and acetone–succinonitrile,” J. Cryst. Growth, 217, 183-188.

Wang, M.-H., Soriano, A. N., Caparanga, A. R., Li, M.-H. (2009). “Mutual diffusion coefficients of aqueous solutions of some glycols,” Fluid Phase Equilib., 285, 44-49.

Harned, H. S., and French, D. M. (1945). “A conductance method for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of electrolytes,” Annals New York Acad. Sci., 46, 267-284.

Soriano, A. N., Agapito, A. M., Lagumbay, L. J. L. I., Caparanga, A. R., Li, M.-H. (2011). “Diffusion coefficients of aqueous ionic liquid solutions at infinite dilution determined from electrolytic conductivity measurements,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engrs., 42, 258-264.

Soriano, A. N., Dollente, K. G. R., Tabaquero, R. J. D., Adornado, A. P. (2018). “Estimation of diffusion coefficients of ascorbate-based ions at infinite dilution through electrolytic conductivity measurements,” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 191, 012028.

Vanýsek, P. (2002). “Ionic conductivity and diffusion at infinite dilution,” CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Wagner, H. (2012). “Influence of temperature on electrical conductivity of diluted aqueous solutions,” Power Plant Chem., 14, 1-15.

Poling, B. E., Prausnitz, J. M., O’Connell, J. P. (2001). “The properties of gases and liquids,” McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York.

Wilke, C. and Chang, P. (1955). “Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions,” AIChE J., 1, 264-270.

Published
2022-06-30
How to Cite
Dimaculangan, D. A. A., Bungay, V. C., & Soriano, A. N. (2022). Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Heavy Metal Ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) at Infinite Dilution through Electrolytic Conductivity Measurements. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 22(1), 58-71. Retrieved from https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/9227
Issue
Vol 22 No 1 (2022)
Section
Articles

Copyright holder for articles is ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering. Articles published in ASEAN J. Chem. Eng. are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. 

Authors agree to transfer all copyright rights in and to the above work to the ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Editorial Board so that the Editorial Board shall have the right to publish the work for non-profit use in any media or form. In return, authors retain: (1) all proprietary rights other than copyright; (2) re-use of all or part of the above paper in their other work; (3) right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above paper for authors’ personal use or for company use if the source and the journal copyright notice is indicated, and if the reproduction is not made for the purpose of sale.