Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Determinants of overnutrition based on body mass index among employees of an oil and gas company (PT X) in Jakarta

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between age, sex, nutritional knowledge, dietary patterns, physical activity, marital status, physical environment, and social environment with overnutrition based on Body Mass Index (BMI) among employees of PT X, an oil and gas company in Jakarta.

Methods: The study was conducted between November and December 2025 using a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. The study population included all employees of PT X (n = 471), and 126 were selected as the sample. We collected primary data using questionnaires and obtained secondary data from the company's 2025 medical check-up records. Data were analyzed using bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate binary logistic regression.

Results: 2.4% of workers were underweight, 44.4% normal, 23.0% overweight, and 30.2% obese. Physical activity was the strongest determinant of overnutrition (PR = 13.91; 95% CI: 2.53–76.60), with workers with low physical activity showing a substantially higher risk of overnutrition (overweight/obesity).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical role of physical activity in preventing overweight and obesity and emphasize the need for workplace health promotion programs, tailored to PT X, that encourage regular physical activity.

The bullies, victims, and bystanders of bullying among adolescents in Bali

Ni Putu Eka Febianingsih, Ni Made Sri Muryani — Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: Bullying is a repeated and intentional form of aggressive behavior involving intimidation, oppression, or harm toward others. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration among adolescents in Bali and to describe their bystander responses, including prosocial and negative bystander behavior.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 783 adolescents in Bali recruited using a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Data were collected from September to November 2022 through a confidential self-administered online questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The questionnaire was adapted from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and assessed bullying victimization, perpetration, and bystander responses. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and estimated the prevalence of each bullying-related role.

Results: When assessed as separate dimensions, bullying victimization was reported by 35.9% of respondents and bullies (bullying perpetration) by 19.0%. Regarding bystander responses, 46.4% of respondents were classified as prosocial bystanders, whereas 53.6% were classified as negative bystanders.

Conclusion: Bullying remains an important concern among adolescents in Bali, particularly because a substantial proportion of respondents reported victimization and negative bystander behavior. Health workers should strengthen early identification and psychosocial support for adolescents affected by bullying. Educators should implement school-based prevention and bystander-intervention strategies, parents should promote supportive communication and prosocial behavior, and policymakers should strengthen comprehensive anti-bullying policies and cross-sectoral collaboration.

Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in Indonesia

Rahmah A.H. Maloto, Abdul Wahab, Bianda Dwida Pramudita — Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the association between bullying experiences and depressive symptoms among early adolescents.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia GEAS. The sample consisted of 2,998 seventh-grade adolescents aged 10–14 years from junior high schools in Bandar Lampung, Semarang, and Denpasar. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, while the independent variable was bullying experiences. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.

Results: Verbal bullying was the most common type of bullying experienced by adolescents (37.5%). In the bivariate analysis, verbal bullying and combined verbal and physical bullying were associated with higher odds of reporting more depressive symptoms. After adjustment, these associations were no longer statistically significant. However, a significant interaction between bullying experience and sex was observed. Female adolescents who experienced both verbal and physical bullying had 3.1 times higher odds of reporting more depressive symptoms than their male counterparts. In addition, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), perceived safety, socioeconomic status, and place of residence were independently associated with reported depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: The association between bullying experience and reported depressive symptoms was modified by sex. Bullying prevention and mental health promotion strategies should consider both individual and environmental factors, with particular attention to female adolescents.

Perceptions and practices of genital hygiene among women with cervical cancer: qualitative study

Suryani Agustina Daulay, Hesti Yuningrum, Nirma Surya Utami, Mawaddah Mawaddah — Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices regarding genital hygiene among women aged 28–65 with cervical cancer undergoing treatment at Abdul Moelok Regional General Hospital (RSUD), as well as to understand how social, cultural, and educational factors shape these practices within the context of reproductive health and cervical cancer prevention.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study included 10 purposively selected women aged 28–65 years. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide piloted before primary data collection. Female research team members conducted the interviews, recorded them, and then transcribed them. Each interview lasted approximately 15 minutes. Data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis by organizing data, coding, grouping codes with similar meanings, and developing themes.

Results: The analysis revealed several key patterns. Genital hygiene is generally understood as a way to maintain cleanliness and comfort during daily activities, particularly to prevent itching, odor, or excessive moisture. Reported practices vary, ranging from using water, bath soap, or specific cleansing products to different hygiene routines during menstruation. Understanding the link between genital health and cervical cancer is inconsistent; for some informants, this knowledge was acquired only after experiencing health issues or interacting with healthcare professionals. Factors such as limited access to information, education levels, past health experiences, and the level of comfort in discussing reproductive health play a role in shaping how informants perceive and practice genital hygiene.

Conclusion: In this study, the perceptions and practices regarding genital hygiene among women with cervical cancer are determined by the interplay of personal experience, education, and access to health information, while also taking into account the social context within the discourse on reproductive health.

Determinants of abnormal body mass index among adolescents in boarding and day high schools in East Kalimantan

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the dominant risk factors (school type, knowledge, attitude, and physical activity) associated with abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI) among high school students in East Kalimantan.

Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional study included 184 students from one boarding school (n=84) and one day high school (n=100) in East Kalimantan, selected using purposive sampling. We collected data on knowledge, attitude, and physical activity using structured questionnaires, and determined BMI through direct anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) as risk indicators, with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05).

Results: The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the logistic regression model fit the field data well (p = 0.689 > 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that school type was the strongest risk factor for abnormal BMI among students (p = 0.009, OR = 2.262; 95% CI: 1.221–4.190). Students in non-boarding schools had a 2.262-fold higher risk of having an abnormal BMI compared to those in boarding schools. Knowledge, attitude, and physical activity variables showed no statistically significant effect (p >0.05).

Conclusion: School type is the strongest predictor of BMI status among high school students in East Kalimantan. Interventions should focus on reducing disparities in institutional food and physical activity environments between boarding and day schools, while prospective longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality.