BKM Public Health and Community Medicine

Determinants of non-prescription antibiotic use and knowledge gaps in Indonesia: findings from the Indonesian Health Survey 2023

Rina Kusumaratna, Muhammad Athar Farsyah — Thu, 23 Oct 2025 15:12:53 +0700

Purpose: This study examines the key determinants influencing non-prescription antibiotic use and identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia, based on the 2023 National Health Survey (SKI 2023). Using national data, the research examines education, healthcare access, gender, and age-related trends, comparing these trends across rural and urban populations.

Methods: The study utilizes SKI 2023 national data to analyze antibiotic usage patterns and examine trends related to education, healthcare access, public awareness, gender, and age. A comparative analysis of urban and rural areas reveals disparities, with Pearson Chi-Square and Multinomial Logistic Regression tests applied at p≤0.05 for statistical significance.

Results: The study shows that lower education levels are significantly associated with higher antibiotic misuse (p<0.001). Younger individuals and males also tend to misuse antibiotics more frequently and have lower knowledge levels (p<0.001). In urban areas, 58.4% of males and 54.3% of females report using antibiotics without a prescription. Limited access to healthcare is also significantly linked to increased self-medication (p<0.001). Additionally, 73.5% of respondents hold misconceptions about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), underscoring the urgent need for improved public awareness and education.

Conclusion: According to the Indonesian Health Survey 2023, non-prescription antibiotic use is more prevalent among individuals with lower educational attainment, younger age, male gender, urban residence, and limited access to healthcare. To address this issue, public policies should prioritize health education, school-based awareness programs, improved access to healthcare, and stricter regulation of antibiotic sales.

Telehealth acceptance among health workers as a digital health strategy

Wed, 29 Oct 2025 10:58:39 +0700

Purpose: This study analyzes the acceptance of telehealth among health workers at Gondangrejo Community Health Center, Indonesia, and at Sentro De Saude Becora Timor Leste, as a digital health strategy.

Methods: This study employed an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional approach using the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire. The sample in this study comprised 30 health workers from the Gondangrejo Health Center in Indonesia and the Sentro De Saude Becora in Timor Leste. Data analysis and statistical tests used Pearson correlation.

Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness (p-value < 0.001; r=0.972), perceived usefulness and attitude toward using (p-value=0.015; r=0.359), perceived ease of use and attitude toward using (p-value=0.042; r=0.305), attitude toward using and behavioral intention to use (p-value < 0.001; r = 0.888), perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use (p-value < 0.016; r=0.356), behavioral intention to use and actual system use (p-value < 0.022; r=0.342).

Conclusion: Acceptance of telehealth by healthcare workers is influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use, and actual system use.

Determinant factors influencing the nutrition status of adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review

Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This scoping review aims to explore the determinants influencing the nutritional status of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, including macronutrient intake, family income, and other contributing factors.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted for articles published from 2012 to 2022 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, using keywords such as "nutritional status," "dietary intake," "family income," "intellectual disability," and "adolescent". Relevant studies were selected through title and abstract screening, followed by full-text review, resulting in nine articles for analysis.

Results: The review found that inadequate dietary intake, particularly high consumption of unhealthy foods, significantly impacts the nutritional status of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Family income, while affecting food security, does not independently determine dietary outcomes. Comorbid conditions like Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and cerebral palsy, along with physical limitations and the use of psychotropic medications, further contribute to malnutrition risks.

Conclusion: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of malnutrition due to poor food intake. While family income influences food security, it is not the sole factor. The presence of comorbid conditions, physical limitations, and psychotropic medication use is also a key determinant of their nutritional status.

Mental health intervention to address climate anxiety in adolescents: a systematic review

Mon, 27 Oct 2025 09:56:21 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to identify and analyze interventions implemented to address the impact of climate change on adolescents' mental health.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted across four primary databases — PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Scopus —with keywords related to interventions, climate change, and adolescent mental health. Inclusion criteria include studies involving adolescents aged 10-18 years and featuring an original research design published within the last five years. Of the 1,579 studies identified, 22 articles were assessed for eligibility, and seven underwent quantitative synthesis.

Results: Suggest that effective environmental education interventions can increase understanding and reduce anxiety among adolescents.

Conclusion: To address the impacts of mental health on adolescents, interventions such as pro-environmental interventions, education, and augmented reality can be employed.

Trends and diversity of Japanese encephalitis videos on YouTube: an analysis of Indonesian-language health promotion content

Wed, 29 Oct 2025 13:00:38 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to analyze trends and diversity in Japanese encephalitis videos on YouTube to promote health information in Indonesia.

Methods: We collected the videos on YouTube by searching with the keyword “Japanese encephalitis”. The search results were identified to confirm their relevance to Japanese Encephalitis, and the videos were then classified for use in Indonesia. We analyze trends by examining the frequency of videos over time. For the videos identified as Indonesian-language content, further categorization was conducted based on their thematic content type.

Results: We retrieved 586 videos and excluded 44 videos that were not related to Japanese encephalitis. The videos were published from January 6, 2008, to August 3, 2024. There was a global increase in the production of Japanese encephalitis content videos on YouTube, particularly in 2019, from 3.5% to 11.4%. However, only 22 (4.31%) Japanese encephalitis-related videos used Indonesian, with the most common content category being educational (22.7%).

Conclusion: An increase in Japanese encephalitis-related content videos on YouTube in 2019, yet Indonesian-language videos remain limited. This highlights the need for more Indonesian-language content and more diverse information on Japanese encephalitis, targeted to Indonesian audiences, to improve public awareness and preventive measures.