Potential Preventive Effects of Ficus carica Puree from Reduced Number of Ileal Microbiota and Tissue Damage on Ileal and Hippocampal Acute Hypoxia-induced Sprague–Dawley Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.19022Keywords:
Ficus carica puree, functional food, ileal, brain, Acute hypoxiaAbstract
Acute hypoxia (AH) increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may cause intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and neurological injury. This study investigated the potential preventive effects of Ficus carica puree (FCP) in supporting the growth of intestinal microbiota and improving the modulation of gut-brain axis function. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: NO group (exposed to normoxia), AHC group (AH+corn oil 1 mL/200 g/weight/day), AHE group (AH+vitamin E 1 mL/200 g/weight/day), AHF1 group (AH+FCP 1 mL/200 g/weight/day), AHF2 group (AH+FCP 2 mL/200 g/weight/day), and AHF3 group (AH+FCP 4 mL/200 g/weight/day). The feeding duration was 28 days before AH induction (using a hypoxia chamber with 90% N2 and 10% O2 for 4 h). Ileal and brain tissues were harvested on the last dayor histopathological analysis and for examining the total population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Escherichia coli, and coliforms. Hematoxylin-eosin staining on the ileal and hippocampal tissues of AHF1, AHF2, and AHF3 groups showed less inflammatory cells and the absence of tissue damage compared with the AHC group. The population of LAB and coliforms was higher in the AHF1 and AHF3 groups than in the AHC group, whereas the population of Escherichia coli was higher in the AHF1 group than in the AHC group. FCP mitigated the effects of increased ROS production due to AH induction by maintaining the integrity of the gut microbiome, thus modulating the function of the gut-brain axis.
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Dvornikova, K. A., Platonova, O. N., & Bystrova, E. Y. (2023). Hypoxia and Intestinal Inflammation: Common Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032425
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Jiang, K., Shi, J., & Shi, J. (2019). Morin Alleviates Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Nerve protective Effect and Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Rats. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 39(6), 799–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-019-00679-3
Joseph, N., Vasodavan, K., Saipudin, N. A., Yusof, B. N. M., Kumar, S., & Nordin, S. A. (2019). Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles of normal and overweight school children in Selangor after probiotics administration. Journal of Functional Foods, 57(January), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.042
Konjar, Š., Pavšič, M., & Veldhoen, M. (2021). Regulation of oxygen homeostasis at the intestinal epithelial barrier site. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179170
Lee, P., Chandel, N. S., & Simon, M. C. (2020). Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through HIFs and beyond. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 21(5), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0227-y.
Luo, L., Yin, H., & Gou, D. (2023). Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Changes in Three Pulmonary Hypertension Rat Models. Microorganisms, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020472
Macintyre, N. R. (2014). Tissue hypoxia: Implications for the respiratory clinician. Respiratory Care, 59(10), 1590–1596. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.03357
Mantegazza, G., Gargari, G., Duncan, R., Consalez, F., Taverniti, V., Riso, P., & Guglielmetti, S. (2023). Ready-To-Eat Rocket Salads as Potential Reservoir of Bacteria for the Human Microbiome. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02970-22
Markowiak-Kope, P., & Slizewska, K. (2020). The trend in the amount of SCFAs found in feces is more closely related to nutrition, environmental variables, and intestinal microbiome dysbiosis. Nutrients, 12(1107), 1–23.
Meliala, A., Narwidina, P., Nirwati, H., Nuryastuti, T., Kamil, M., Ardiansyah, L., & Pranindyo, A. (2021). The impact of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on microbiota population and short-chain fatty acid production in the cecum of rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(8), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2021.110813
Meliala, A., Narwidina, P., & Sumarno, Y. T. (2024). Antioxidative Parameters Improvements on Nutritional Approach: A Study on Hypoxic Multiple Organs of Sprague-Dawley. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 31(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.59-70
Mukandala, G., Tynan, R., Lanigan, S., & O’Connor, J. J. (2016). The effects of hypoxia and inflammation on synaptic signaling in the CNS. Brain Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci6010006
Rasool, I. F. ul, Aziz, A., Khalid, W., Koraqi, H., Siddiqui, S. A., AL-Farga, A., Lai, W. F., & Ali, A. (2023). Industrial Application and Health Prospective of Fig (Ficus carica) By-Products. Molecules, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030960
Sarkar, M., Niranjan, N., & Banyal, P. K. (2017). Mechanisms of hypoxemia. Lung India, 34(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.197116
Sun, X., Gao, Y., Wang, X., Hu, G., Wang, Y., Feng, B., Hu, Y., Mu, X., Zhang, Y., & Dong, H. (2018). Escherichia coli O101‑induced diarrhea develops gut microbial dysbiosis in rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 824–834. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6997
Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4), 865–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00429-4
Villa, B. R., George, A. G., Shutt, T. E., Sullivan, P. G., Rho, J. M., & Teskey, G. C. (2023). Postictal hypoxia involves reactive oxygen species and is ameliorated by chronic mitochondrial uncoupling. Neuropharmacology, 238(May), 109653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109653
Viviani, B., Bartesaghi, S., Gardoni, F., Vezzani, A., Behrens, M. M., Bartfai, T., Binaglia, M., Corsini, E., Di Luca, M., Galli, C. L., & Marinovich, M. (2003). Interleukin-1β enhances NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular calcium increase through activation of the Src family of kinases. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(25), 8692–8700. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-25-08692.2003
Zhang, W., Petrovic, J. M., Callaghan, D., Jones, A., Cui, H., Howlett, C., & Stanimirovic, D. (2006). Evidence that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates transcriptional activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in astrocyte cultures. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 174(1–2), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.01.014
Zhang, Y., Xi, Y., Yang, C., Gong, W., Wang, C., Wu, L., & Wang, D. (2023). Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate 5-Fluorouracil-Induced THP-1 Cell Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling via Glycerolphospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism. Molecules, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020494
Zheng, T., Gao, Y., Xu, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Liu, J., & Liu, G. (2021). Combination of Enteral Nutrition and Probiotics Promote Recovery Following Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Rats. Inflammation, 44(2), 725–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01372-0
Zhou, Z., Wang, L., Feng, P., Yin, L., Wang, C., Zhi, S., Dong, J., Wang, J., Lin, Y., Chen, D., Xiong, Y., & Peng, J. (2017). Inhibition of epithelial TNF-α receptors by purified fruit bromelain ameliorates intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in colitis. Frontiers in Immunology, 8(NOV), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01468
Zou, Q., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Li, Y., Tan, Q., Dan, Q., Yuan, T., Liu, X., Liu, R. H., & Liu, Z. (2020). Ficus carica polysaccharide attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Food and Function, 11(7), 6666–6679. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01162b
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2026-09-01
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Priandika, R. K. ., Meliala, A., Berlyansah, A. ., & Wijaya, Y. O. S. . (2026). Potential Preventive Effects of Ficus carica Puree from Reduced Number of Ileal Microbiota and Tissue Damage on Ileal and Hippocampal Acute Hypoxia-induced Sprague–Dawley Rats. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 37(3), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.19022
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