Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences

The activity antibiofilm of betadine leaf (Jatropha multifida Linn) juice on urinary catheters

2025-04-16T11:47:01+07:00

Biofilm formation can reduce the efficacy of antibiotics against pathogenic microorganisms. Flavonoids are proven to have antibiofilm activity. Betadine leaf (Jatrophas multifida Linn) contains abundant flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the biofilm activity of the betadine leaf juice on urinary catheters. Biofilm forming Escherichia coli was isolated from a urinary catheter. The betadine leaf juice was prepared by harvesting, washing, drying, juicing, centrifuging, and sterilizing the juice. Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols. Biofilm and antibiofilm assays were conducted by incubating thioglycolate medium with varying concentrations of the betadine leaf juice and E. coli suspension, with bacterial growth and biofilm formation assessed based on turbidity observations. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds have been found in the sterilized betadine leaf juice. Bacterial growth was observed in all tubes containing different dilutions of the betadine leaf juice. However, turbidity levels increased as the juice concentration decreased. Additionally, the weight of the urinary catheter was significantly greater in tubes with lower juice concentrations (p=0.02). In conclusion, the J. multifida Linn leaf juice has potential antibiofilm activity against E. coli in urinary catheters.

The relationship between the degree of low back pain and concentration levels among RICCI Catholic High School Jakarta students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2025-06-04T09:59:33+07:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted most learning activities to an online format, leading to increased sitting time and a higher risk of low back pain (LBP). Low back pain can be a factor that causes changes in concentration during learning. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the degree of LBP and the level of learning concentration in high school students. It was a cross-sectional study conducted at RICCI Catholic High School Jakarta, involving students from grades 10, 11, and 12. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was distributed online with Google forms. The Chi-square method for data analysis was used with a significance level of 0.05. A total of 121 students participated in this study, with 66.9% did not experience LBP, 30.6% had LBP with a slight degree of pain, and 2.5% had LBP . There were no students with severe LBP. The results for low, moderate and high concentration levels were 8.3%, 70.2%, and 21.5%, respectively. The bivariate analysis between LBP and learning concentration level using was 0.062 (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between the degree of LBP and the level of concentration in high school students.

The role of bisphosphonate and bone morphogenetic proteins in congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia management: a literature review

2025-06-04T10:00:58+07:00

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare medical condition characterized by a congenital absence of union in the tibia, which causes the leg to flex anterolaterally. Despite the use of several surgical techniques for the treatment of CPT, there is still a significant risk of failure with surgical interventions. Recent studies have shown that bisphosphonates (BP) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) can be effective adjuncts to surgical procedures, increasing the success rate of bone union and reducing the chance of re-fracture. This review aimed to evaluate the role of BP and BMP in CPT. In this review, a comprehensive literature evaluation was conducted using the PRISMA method. The databases used to search for information included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for the past 10 years. Six articles were included in this review. The results showed that using pharmacological agents such as BMP and BP is considered safe for pediatric patients as an adjunctive treatment to surgery. This combination can effectively increase the speed of bone union and prevent re-fractures. The small sample size, different protocols, and different doses may have impacted the study results, which should be thoroughly explained.

Effectiveness of disinfectants against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination in hospital: a review

2025-06-04T10:01:42+07:00

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination is still widely reported in various hospital areas. Despite routine cleaning and preventive measures in places such as hospitals, the prevalence of MRSA is still increasing worldwide, especially in Asia. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfectants against MRSA contamination in hospitals. Articles were searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases using specific keywords and boolean operators. Journal selection from these databases was based on inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and PICOS framework. Studies that did not fit the topic or study design and had paid access and duplication were excluded. A total of five valid and reliable articles found that some disinfectants, such as JUC Polymer, a combination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and silver cations (Ag), have effectiveness in eradicating germs or inhibiting the growth of MRSA germs. The application of disinfectants in MRSA also showed benefits in terms of cost. However, the use of disinfectants needs to be considered because they can cause tolerance and resistance. In conclusion, MRSA disinfectants are still proven effective with various methods and precautions. In addition, disinfectants are beneficial in terms of prevention and health financing.

Association between undernutrition and language delay in children under 5 years old: a systematic review

2025-06-04T10:02:31+07:00

In 2022, global statistics of the WHO (World Health Organization) reported 148.1 million children under 5 y.o. were too short for their age (stunting), 45.0 million were too thin for their height (wasting), and 37.0 million were too heavy for their height (overweight). Solving the problem of undernutrition is included in the second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals. Language skills are one of the important aspects of development in children. This study aimed to assess the association between undernutrition and language delay in children under 5 y.o. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in 2014-2024. We identified studies that analyzed children under 5 y.o. with undernutrition and screenings for language delay, full-text, Indonesia, and English language studies, used cross-sectional study, case-control study, cohort study, and RCT study designs. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. There were 4,865 articles of search results in 3 databases consisting of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 16 articles, including 11 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohorts, were analyzed. An association was observed between undernutrition and language delay. Other factors that significantly influenced language delay were paternal education, maternal education, and stimulation. Most studies report that the more severe the conditions of wasting, stunting and underweight will cause more severe conditions of language delay.

The efficacy of combination of oral antioxidants and topical retinoic acid versus topical retinoic acid monotherapy in mild acne vulgaris patients

2025-06-04T14:42:41+07:00

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous follicle with multifactorial pathogenesis and pleiomorphic clinical manifestations constituting comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Oxidative stress has been reported to contribute in AV pathogenesis. This phenomenon rationalizes antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for AV management. Four cases of 22 to 23 yo women with complaints of worsening facial acne for 1 to 6 mo. Initially, acne lesions appeared as skin-colored papules, which increased in number, became reddish papules and pustules, and extended to the jaw and chin. Lesions were accompanied by temporary itching and pain. Dermatological examination revealed multiple circumscribed discrete erythematous papules, miliar to lenticular in size, comedones (+), and pustules (+), with total lesions <30. According to the Lehmann criteria, patients were diagnosed as mild AV. All patients were treated with 0.025% topical retinoic acid cream, while the other two patients received additional oral antioxidant supplementations (zinc and ɑ-lipoic acid) and were followed up every two weeks. Two cases who received additional oral antioxidant supplementations (Group A) exhibited an earlier and higher clinical improvement, characterized by a reduction in the number of lesions on each follow up, till the current report. Oxidative stress in AV pathogenesis causes microenvironment alteration that favours colonization of Cutibacterium acnes. Together with the increase in sebum production, it stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), contributing to the inflammatory response. Antioxidant supplementation plays a role in suppressing the process of lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Comprehensive management of AV is based on pathogenesis and the role of oxidative stress. An earlier and higher clinical improvement reduction was noted in Group A, patients who received a combination of 0.025% topical retinoic acid cream and oral antioxidant supplementation.

The role of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) in improving plasma lipid profiles: a literature review

2025-06-05T15:42:51+07:00

Several major risk factors contribute to cardiovascular diseases. One of these is dyslipidemia, an imbalance of plasma lipids such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). While medications to lower lipids are widely used to improve lipid profiles, they have some limitations. Flaxseed is rich in ɑ-linolenic acid, phytosterols, and lignans, which can improve lipid profiles. This study aimed to review the potential effects of flaxseed on lipid metabolism. Data was gathered from research databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer for the past 5 yr. About 1,527 scientific articles were found, but after eliminating duplicates and screening of title and abstract, only 45 full-text articles were assessed, with 16 selected. The result showed that ɑ-linolenic acid, phytosterols, lignans, and fibers in flaxseed improve TC, LDL, TG, and HDL through various mechanisms. In conclusion, flaxseed shows promise as a natural therapy for dyslipidemia, improving TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG levels, though HDL effects vary. Disparities are linked to demographics, form, dosage, and duration, highlighting the need for standardized research.