Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences

The effect of 4 weeks chair-based exercise on cognitive function in the elderly

2025-11-06T13:13:45+07:00

Degenerative processes in the central nervous system contribute to in cognitive function decline in the elderly. Physical exercise may prevent this decline. However, elderly people often require modified forms of activity to ensure both safety and effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the the effect of chair-based exercise (CBE) on cognitive function in elderly people. This study was conducted a two nursing homes using a two-group pretest and posttest experimental design with a control group. All participants were informed about the procedures of study, provided written informed consent, and underwent an initial cognitive assessment using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Participants in the intervention group engaged in CBE sessions over a four-week period. Following the intervention, cognitive function was reassessed in both groups. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze within-group changes, while independent t-tests were used to assess between-group differences in cognitive function scores. A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in the intervention group after the four-week CBE program (p = 0.008). Moreover, a significant between-group difference in cognitive score changes was found (p = 0.003), favoring the intervention group. In conclusion, a four-week CBE program significantly improved cognitive function among elderly participants. These findings support the use of CBE as an accessible and effective intervention to promote cognitive health in elderly people.

Effect of oyster mushroom powder on total leukocyte during inflammatory and proliferative phases of the wound healing process of third-degree burns model in Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2025-11-06T13:13:42+07:00

Burn wounds are challenging to treat because they often heal slowly and are susceptible to complications. The inflammatory phase plays an essential role in the repair process. However, prolonged inflammation can delay tissue healing. The total leukocyte count is an important parameter to evaluate the process, as it reflects the balance between inflammation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) contain β-glucans and phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help regulate leukocyte activity and promote wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oyster mushroom powder on total leukocyte counts during burn wound healing in Rattus norvegicus. Twenty-seven healthy male rats aged 2-3 mo were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 9 rats in each group. The negative control group received aquadest, the positive control group received bovine serum albumin, and the treatment group received 10% oyster mushroom powder. All groups received identical topical wound management with 1% silver sulfadiazine ointment to prevent infection and maintain a moist wound environment during healing. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 4, 8, and 12 after burn induction, and leukocyte counts were measured. The results showed that the treatment group consistently had lower leukocyte counts compared with control groups. On day 0, the treatment group had significantly lower leukocyte levels compared with the negative control (p = 0.019). On day 8, leukocyte counts in the treatment group were also significantly lower than the positive control (p = 0.030). By day 12, all groups showed a decrease, but the treatment group demonstrated the most gradual and stable reduction over time. In conclusion, oyster mushroom powder reduces leukocyte levels and supported a more controlled inflammatory phase, allowing faster progression to proliferation and improved burn wound healing.

Diagnostic challenges and clinical insight of medial thigh hemangiolymphangioma in adult: A rare case report

2025-11-06T13:13:37+07:00

Vascular anomalies are classified into vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Hemangiolymphangioma (HLA) is a rare vascular malformation that contains both blood and lymphatic components, most commonly diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. Adult cases, especially in atypical locations such as the medial thigh, are exceedingly rare and pose diagnostic challenges. A 27 yo female presented with a slowly enlarging, painless lump on the left medial thigh. Initially misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminata, the lesion was subsequently identified as a vascular malformation through dermoscopic visualization of characteristic vascular lacunae. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of HLA. Surgical excision was performed with clear margins, and no recurrence was observed after 3 mo. Hemangiolymphangiomas are benign but may exhibit local infiltration and recurrence, especially after incomplete resection. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach including clinical assessment, dermoscopy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Differential diagnosis includes hemangioma, lymphangioma, and malignancies such as lymphangiosarcoma. Complete surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, with other modalities like electrocautery or cryotherapy considered in selected cases. Long-term follow-up is crucial due to the risk of recurrence. In conclusion, this rare adult case of medial thigh HLA highlights the importance of considering vascular malformations in atypical anatomical sites. Early recognition and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation facilitate appropriate management and improve patient outcomes

When delays become lethal: A case report of a rare and fatal complication in traumatic carotid cavernous fistula

2025-11-06T13:13:35+07:00

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare complication that can be easily missed after blunt traumatic brain injury. It is defined as an abnormal arteriovenous shunt between the carotid artery or its branches with the cavernous sinus. Most cases are traumatic in origin and although not typically life-threatening, carry a risk of serious complications. One of the most fatal complications is spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), occurring only 0.9-2.6% of cases. We report a rare case of a 27 yo female, who sustained traumatic brain and craniofacial injuries in a motor vehicle accident 25 d earlier. She presented with gradual loss of consciousness following ophthalmic symptoms that began 5 d prior to admission. Imaging confirmed the presence of ICH as a complication of traumatic CCF. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of traumatic CCF and its potential complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to its rare occurrence with variable time interval for symptoms to develop (ranging from several hours to years after the initial injury), non-specific symptoms that may mimic other conditions, and delays in seeking care. Delayed diagnosis can be fatal, leading to visual loss, cerebral infarction, and haemorrhagic events. Rapid recognition and prompt management of traumatic CCF are crucial for preventing complications and achieving complete resolution with low rates of morbidity and mortality.

Increasing quantitative estrogen receptor beta expression in meningioma after exogenous hormonal contraception exposure

2025-11-06T13:13:32+07:00

Factors influencing estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in meningioma are unclear. This study aimed to assess the expression of ER and PR in females with meningioma in relation to patient exogenous hormonal exposure. Cross-sectional study of females with meningioma in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between 2010 to 2016 was conducted. Histories were obtained through interviews. Expressions of ERa, ERb, and PR were assessed from paraffin blocks containing patients’ meningioma tissue using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The study identified 28 female meningioma patients with a mean age of 45.6 ± 6.8 yr. Increased ERb expression was found in the ³10-yr group of hormonal contraception exposure duration (<10 yr vs ³10 yr = 7.63 (2.3-11.31) vs 12.56 (1.87-42.22), p=0.038). Positive correlation was found between ERb expression and the duration of hormonal contraception exposure (r=0.432; p=0.022), especially progesterone-only contraception (r=0.5; p=0.048), while no significant correlation was found between ERb expression and duration of progesterone-estrogen contraception exposure (r=0.382; p=0.22). No significant analyses were found in ERa and PR. In conclusion, expression of ERβ in meningioma increased in accordance with exogenous hormonal exposure duration, especially progesterone. This finding suggests the importance of ERβ in meningioma and warrants further study as a potential biomarker.

Association between serum endothelin-1 level and major adverse cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary artery disease

2025-11-06T13:13:28+07:00

Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects greatly the global population, exhibits high mortality and morbidity rates. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death, are the focus of research due to their significant contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD. Endothelin-1 is identified as a CAD prognostic indicator, especially for heart failure outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum endothelin-1 level and MACE within 1 yr observation in patients with CAD underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It was a retrospective cohort study where conducted at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were patients with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI. Baseline serum endothelin-1 level was measured by ELISA at the time of elective PCI procedure. The outcome was MACE, which consisted of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and cardiac death, occurred within 1 yr after elective PCI. The ROC curve was designed to determine serum endothelin-1 cut-off value to predict MACE. Sixty-three subjects were enrolled and the endothelin-1 level in serum samples was analyzed. Out of these, 11 (17.5%) experienced MACE within 1 yr post elective PCI. Serum endothelin-1 cut-off value was 1.932 pg/mL, which determined based on ROC curve. There was no significant association between serum endothelin-1 and MACE. There was a trend of higher incidence of MACE, in subjects with above-cut-off endothelin-1 level (≥1.932 pg/mL) (MACE incidence: 23.1% vs. 8.3%; p=0.181). Above-cut-off endothelin-1 level significantly associated with incidence of heart failure (100% vs. 0%; p=0.039) for 1 yr follow-up after elective PCI. Higher serum endothelin-1 level had a trend of higher incidence of 1-yr MACE in patients with stable CAD undergone elective PCI. Among 1-yr MACE, higher serum endothelin-1 associated with increased incidence of heart failure.

In vivo assay of Gigantochloa apus shoot extract as biolarvicide for myiasis-causing fly larvae

2025-11-12T14:30:50+07:00

The use of synthetic insecticides in treating myiasis is associated with adverse side effects and potential disruption of metabolic systems, prompting interest in natural alternatives. This study investigated the in vivo larvicidal efficacy of Gigantochloa apus bamboo shoot extract, formulated as a spray gel. Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a negative control group, a positive control (ivermectin), and 3 treatment groups receiving of 1%, 3%, and 5% G. apus bamboo shoot extract. Myiasis was induced by introducing fly larvae into standardized wounds. Treatments were applied topically twice daily for 32 hr, and larval mortality was assessed every 8 hr. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and hydrogen cyanide, all of which are known for their larvicidal, neurotoxic, and antiproliferative properties. The 5% extract group showed the highest mortality rate (100%) at 32 hr. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values were determined at 1.43% and 6.01%, respectively. Compared to the standard ivermectin treatment, the 5% extract demonstrated a shorter lethal time and more rapid larval death. Morphological examination revealed darker abdominal segments in the dead larvae, indicating a potential interaction with the digestive tract. These findings indicate that G. apus bamboo shoot extract has potential larvicidal activity and can be an effective natural alternative for treating myiasis.

Maculopapular drug eruption with histopathological features of psoriasiform drug eruption in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris: a case report

2025-11-12T14:30:47+07:00

Maculopapular drug eruption in patient with psoriasis are rarely reported and require close monitoring during oral corticosteroid therapy due to the potential risk of flare following dose reduction or discontinuation. A 47-yo male with a history of psoriasis vulgaris on cyclosporine therapy developed erythematous patches with scaling following the administration of amoxicillin, mefenamic acid, and antitetanus injection after a nail puncture injury. Vital signs were within normal limits. Dermatological examination revealed multiple well-demarcated erythematous macules, patches, and papules with geographic patterns measuring 0.6×0.9 cm to 2.5×4 cm, some confluent, accompanied by white scales and desquamation. Histopathological findings were consistent with psoriasiform drug eruption. The Naranjo score for amoxicillin was 4, showed a possible correlation. A diagnosis of maculopapular drug eruption suspected to be induced by amoxicillin was established. Clinical improvement observed following the administration of oral corticosteroids, cyclosporine, antihistamines, and emollients. The diagnosis of maculopapular drug eruption requires correlation of rash onset and drug initiation as well as monitoring of symptom resolution after drug discontinuation the suspected drug. Histopathological examination may support the diagnosis, with the presence of eosinophils serving as an indicator of drug-induced etiology. Management of maculopapular drug eruption in patients with psoriasis includes withdrawal of the suspected causative agent, symptomatic therapy, systemic corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive treatment as indicated.