Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

Enhancing Urban Resilience through Strategic Parking Pricing in Jakarta’s Bus Rapid Transit Corridors

2024-10-02T13:51:35+07:00

Although Jakarta has invested in various mass transport systems, these efforts have not successfully reduced private vehicle use. Due to this, this study aims to analyze the impact of implementing TransJakarta bus rapid transit corridor-based high parking tariffs on travel mode choice, including road- and rail-based public transport, ride-hailing, taxi, car, and motorcycle. Involving 478 private vehicle users and implementing a nested logit model, some variables, including respondents’ income, travel time, egress time, parking costs, parking distance, travel cost, and parking surcharge, are considered to understand to what extent these variables influence the use of proposed travel mode in the future. The nested logit model shows that not all variables significantly influence travel mode use, specifically related to rail-based public transport choice among motorcyclists. Meanwhile,
parking distance insignificantly influences the choice of all travel modes except cars among car users. The results also indicate that increasing parking tariffs insignificantly influences the likelihood of both motorcyclists and car users shifting to public transport. Motorcyclists and car users tend to continue using motorcycles but change parking locations with higher tariffs. Additionally, some shifts towards ride-hailing services and TransJakarta Bus Rapid Transit are found, meaning that there is potential for these alternatives to play a significant role in reducing private vehicle use. Based on the model results, additional push-based policies, such as the odd-even license plate rule, are necessary to effectively support the transition from private vehicle use to public transport. Implementing these policies is expected to significantly contribute to reducing traffic congestion and promoting a sustainable and resilient urban environment.

Field Study of Deposit and Erosion Patterns around Pandanus Clusters on Sandy Coasts: a Preliminary Investigation

2024-12-27T14:37:59+07:00

Coastal zones are inherently dynamic, often resulting in long-term cumulative impacts such as erosion, which can potentially escalate into disasters. Discussions regarding nature-based solutions, particularly the utilization of coastal forests, have gained prominence due to their environ[1]mental benefits. This paper investigates the role of vegetated coasts in mitigating the effects of wave attacks on land, focusing specifically on Coastal Pandanus species. We conducted a systematic monitoring effort to quantify land changes directly around these species in the field. The southern coast of Java, characterized by significant coastal processes, served as the investigation site. We monitored the changes in the foredunes of eight Pandanus clusters identified along a 1 km stretch of the Pandansari and Samas coasts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our systematic monitoring, conducted biweekly from September to December 2023, involved precise measurements of land elevation, sediment deposition, and erosion around the Pandanus clusters. We utilized manual leveling surveys and installed erosion pins to enhance the precision of our topographic assessments. These monitoring techniques allowed us to thoroughly examine the relationship between Pandanus cluster characteristics and coastal processes. Our findings illuminate the pivotal role of Pandanus clusters in shaping coastal profiles, which depend on cluster area and growth characteristics. Additionally, we underscore key points regarding their success rates, limitations, and future strengthening efforts through the implementation of this nature-based solution. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between coastal dynamics and vegetative elements, paving the way for informed coastal management strategies in the future.

Debris Flow Debris Flow Detection by Combinations of LVP Sensors and Wires: Examples in Sakura-jima Island in Japan

2025-01-20T10:36:58+07:00

Various kinds of sensors for debris flows detection have been proposed such as wire sensor, acceleration sensor, and so on. In Europe, a geophone that is based on a vibration meter is usually used though the applicability is not confirmed for debris flow detection in Japan. A wire sensor is still currently used for debris flow detection in Japan, because of its easy maintenance and measurement principle of disconnected wires. However, there is a drawback in that debris flow cannot be detected until manual maintenance is performed after the wires are disconnected. Sakura-jima is in southwest of Japan. Debris flows occur by rainfall and ash fall after eruption. Many debris flows occur and transport sediment by debris flow events. The number of debris flow occurrences is defined by the number of disconnected wires from a wire sensor, and three wires are set vertically at the height of 60 cm, 120 cm, 180 cm from the bed, respectively, to know magnitude of debris flow height. A LVP sensor has been developed and installed there for continuous detection of debris flows and modified based on technical information obtained by maintenance after debris flow events. The sensor consists of load cell (L), acceleration meter due to vibration (V) and pressure meter (P). The sensor is mainly for debris flow detection, though weight of debris flows on the bed is attempted to be measured using a small box with loadcell. Present studies introduce some examples of debris flow detections using the LVP and emphasize usage of the LVP sensor in combination with wires.

GIS-based calculation method to predict mining subsidence in flat and inclined mining: A comparative case study

2025-01-20T10:36:34+07:00

Prediction of ground movements in the case of continuous subsidence is critically important for the planning of underground mining. Many calculation models are used to predict mining subsidence. A comprehensive method to render current calculation models superfluous can only come from a theoretical model, but the challenge remains in defining the parameters, given the great variety of rock structures found. Hence, innovation through a conceptual and technological study of the subsidence mechanism is needed to ensure that this problem can be solved satisfactorily. In this study, a new method is proposed to predict ground surface subsidence by combining a stochastic medium concept with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. All subsidence computations are implemented within GIS, where spatial components are used to conduct the subsidence prediction analysis. This paper includes simulations of basic subsidence phenomena and a comparative study of the GIS-based calculation method’s suitability against the empirical method from the Subsidence Engineer Handbook (SEH), semi-empirical influence function models, and numerical modeling. First, the influence of basic extraction area categories on the character of mining subsidence at the surface for flat seam layers is verified. Second, subsidence and horizontal displacement profiles are compared for both gently and steeply inclined mining. Finally, the verification of calculated horizontal strain values for an actual case of inclined irregular mining is also conducted. The comparative results of subsidence predictions for flat and gently sloping mining demonstrate the suitability of the GIS-based calculation method for use in underground mining strategy.

Unveiling Differences in Seismic Response: Comparative Study of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Analyses in the Central Coastal Region of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2025-01-26T17:51:07+07:00

Seismic response analysis is a key aspect in earthquake geotechnical engineering, as it provides important insights into the behavior of soils when exposedtoseismic forces. This research compares equivalent linear and non-linear models in the central coastal region of Bengkulu, which is known for its complex geology and high seismicity. By evaluating the accuracy and reliability of each model in predicting ground motion amplification, this research aims to provide useful recommendations for seismic design. The research method uses one-dimensional equivalent linear and nonlinear propagation modeling, namely Pressure Dependent Hyperbolic (PDH). The analysis resulted in the parameters of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), time history acceleration, spectral response acceleration, and amplification factor. The equivalent linear method consistently produced higher values for peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral response acceleration, time history acceleration, and amplification factor compared to the nonlinear method. The analysis results show that the equivalent linear PGA values are in the range of 0.32g to 0.63g, while the nonlinear values range from 0.20g to 0.52g. The resulting spectral responses are averaged over the design spectrum within 0.2 s to 0.9 s, which can affect low- to high-ceilinged buildings. The equivalent linear amplification factor has a range of 1.59 to 1.91, while the nonlinear has a range of 0.80 to 1.59. Both methods have their advantages, with the nonlinear approach offering greater accuracy for large seismic events, while the equivalent linear model remains useful for preliminary analysis. Hopefully, these findings will improve the understanding of ground response in coastal areas and provide valuable data for improving infrastructure resilience in earthquake-prone areas around the world.

Rainwater Harvesting for Drought Disaster Prevention in Seraya Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia

2025-01-26T17:55:39+07:00

Drought is a recurring disaster in several regions of Indonesia, often happening from April to September annually. During the dry season, a substantial reduction in rainfall leads to inadequate water supplies and drought. Drought significantly affects food crop output, water scarcity, and reduced water availability for daily necessities, disrupting everyday activities like bathing, washing, and cooking. Seraya Village, situated in Karangasem Regency, Bali Province, frequently faces drought conditions. Seraya, a settlement prone to drought, was officially designated as such by the Karangsem Regent by Regulation Number 36 of 2008, specifying the location of drought natural disasters in Seraya settlement, East Seraya, and West Seraya in the Karangasem District. This study aimed to compare the capacity of rainwater harvesting with the current home water demand in Seraya-Karangasem Village to determine the feasibility of using rainwater to address water shortages and avert drought. This study employs quantitative descriptive methods by analyzing primary data on the regional conditions and limits of the study area, along with secondary data on demographic (population), geographical, and rainfall data spanning a decade. The study revealed that the rainwater harvesting potential in Seraya Village, Karangasem District, was 254342191.15 liters per year, while the total water demand was 227660565 liters yearly. This resulted in excess harvested water amounting to 26681626.15 liters per year, 12% more than the total water needs. The excess amount of rainwater that may be harvested compared to the entire domestic water demand demonstrates the effective utilization of rainwater harvesting systems in preventing water shortages and droughts in Seraya-Karangasem Village.

Bioretention Design Simulation for Efficient Urban Stormwater Reduction

2025-01-26T17:57:25+07:00

The population increases, leading to extensive urbanization and the consequent rise in impervious surfaces. This urbanization trend has exacerbated stormwater runoff issues, necessitating sustainable stormwater management strategies. Low Impact Development (LID) techniques, such as bioretention, have emerged as promising solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of increased impervious surfaces on stormwater management. Through drainage simulation using EPA SWMM 5.2 software, this study assessed the effectiveness of bioretention in mitigating stormwater runoff within Pesona Regency Housing in Jember Regency. In this approach, hydrological techniques use rainfall for a 2-year return period based on the typology of the study area. The bioretention scenarios used coverage of 5%, 10%, and 20% of the subcatchment area as Scenario 1, 2, and 3. The simulation revealed promising reductions in peak runoff discharge across various scenarios, with average reduction rates of 80%, 88%, and 92% for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, the effectiveness of bioretention varied across different junctions and scenarios due to factors such as location, junction area coverage, soil properties, and local drainage patterns. While larger bioretention areas generally resulted in greater runoff reduction, the study underscores the importance of considering location and cost-effectiveness in bioretention design. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the efficacy of bioretention as a stormwater management strategy in rapidly urbanizing areas, offering guidance for property developers in planning flood-resistant housing with LID bioretention.

The Effects of Palm Oil Fuel Ash on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Sustainable Foamed Concrete

2025-01-26T17:59:53+07:00

In recent years, mortar bricks or autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), also known as foamed concrete, have been widely used as masonry wall materials. Foamed concrete, like bricks, can be produced by adding a foaming agent to achieve the desired weight and density, while meeting requirements for strength and durability. However, the search for sustainable construction materials has become imperative , including the use of waste materials to partially replace cement. The incorporation of SCM in the production of cement-based materials, such as foamed concrete, has a significant impact on reducing CO 2 emissions and promoting a sustainable environment. POFA, a secondary product derived from the palm oil industry that is typically left on the ground , poses environmental problems. Due to its good performance and pozzolanic reactions, POFA-based construction materials have great potential as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. Unlike previous studies, this research evaluates the strength and durability of foamed concrete with variations in foam agent dosages, including finer particles of POFA (100μm) as a partial cement replacement. The study produced a total of 6 batches of foamed concrete, measuring compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, and electrical resistivity. Additionally, the research examined the correlation between compressive strength and porosity, as well as compressive strength and electrical resistivity. This study concludes that an ideal content of 10% POFA with a foaming agent-to-water ratio (fa/w) of 1/60 can achieve the best strength of foamed concrete. Furthermore, a partial cement replacement with 20% POFA could potentially increase the compressive strength to levels similar to those of normal foamed concrete (without POFA).

Seismic and Tsunamis Vulnerability Assessment of the Shelter School Building Structure with and without Retrofitting

2025-01-26T18:04:30+07:00

Understanding the vulnerability of school shelters to tsunamis is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and increasing the resilience of coastal communities in the education sector. SDN 02 Sasak Ranah Pasisia, an elementary school in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia, had a shelter building constructed in 2010. However, the construction remains incomplete. A structural assessment using current Indonesian building codes and vulnerability analysis is necessary to proceed with construction and ensure the building’s strength against the working loads. Thestructural assessment revealed that several columns could not support the working load, necessitating local retrofitting. In this study, the retrofitting of the building was designed using concrete jacketing. Furthermore, structural fragility curves of the school building were developed before and after retrofitting against earthquake and tsunami loads. The seismic fragility curve was determined from the maximum displacement of the building for varied earthquake acceleration, using nonlinear time history dynamic response analysis scaled using the incremental dynamic analysis method and damage limits defined by ATC-40, characterized by Hazus. Meanwhile, the tsunami fragility curve was determined from the maximum displacement due to tsunami load for each variation of tsunami inundation depth. The vulnerability analysis results indicated that retrofitting the school building with concrete jacketing reduces the probability of building damage due to earthquake loads by 18% at the level of complete damage at a PGA of 0.520 g (based on the Indonesian Seismic Map). Similarly, it reduced the probability of building damage due to tsunami loads by 20%, at the level of complete damage corresponding to a tsunami wave height of 5.00 m for West Pasaman, Indonesia.

Assessing Basin’s Dynamic Hydrological Characteristics Using Statistical Analysis on Rainfall – River Discharge Observation Data

2025-01-26T18:06:27+07:00

Hydrological studies often rely on physical-based modelling approaches to simulate water cycles. However, such an approach requires extensive basin physical data inputs, including features, attributes, and properties that are quantifiable, which often are lacking in data-scarce areas. Therefore, this study explores an alternative viewpoint by using simple statistical analysis to assess the dynamic basin’s hydrological characteristics. We collate and divide the rainfall and discharge observation data in the Upper Citarum River basin into three periods: period 1 (2000–2005), period 2 (2000–2010), and period 3 (2000–2015). After defining baseflow separation, we quantify the basin’s baseflow using simple statistical analysis. The 5-years average of the baseflow fluctuations (33.15 m³/s, 12.88 m³/s, and 27.59 m³/s during each period) is in agreement with previous studies’ physical-based results. The subsequent frequency analysis indicates a trend of increasing rainfall, although it is not followed by the trend in the river discharge variable. Due to the stochastic nature of extreme events occurrence and available data length, we evaluate the dynamic basin’s runoff generation using quasi-synthetic rainfall instead of conventional design storm, to equalize the stimuli (rainfall) in evaluating the target system (basin’s hydrological characteristics). Under identical sets of forcing input, the quasi-synthetic river discharge consistently increases in each period, in both the median (15.39% and 25.34%) and extreme (21.86% and 29.46%) values. The results reveal the basin’s evolving hydrological responses, which is mostly influenced by anthropogenic factors. This simple statistical approach enables the evaluation of basin characteristics’ dynamics in data-limited areas, bypassing extensive data collection and random event occurrences, while still providing consistent results.