https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF <p style="text-align: justify;">Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum (JCEF) is a four-monthly journal on Civil and Environmental Engineering related sciences. The JCEF is devoted to publish and disseminate research in the fields of structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering, and construction management.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The particular emphasis of JCEF is given to the civil &amp; environmental researches associated with disasters caused by natural hazards such as geo-disaster (earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption), water-related disaster (flood, debris flow, coastal disaster, tsunami), and human-made hazards such as soil, water, and air pollution and water scarcity in a tropical region. Articles describing the topics of disaster risk reduction techniques, disaster early warning system, climate change adaptation, vulnerability analysis and trends, pre and/or post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation planning and management, forensic engineering, the socio-engineering approach for the countermeasures, or water reuse and recycle are particularly encouraged.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">JCEF is open access journal and free of charge for submission, publication, and download. There are three categories of articles published in JCEF: Research Articles, Technical Notes, Editorial Note, and Review Articles. The article consists of 6 - 12 pages, 6 - 10 articles per issue, reviewed by selected peer-reviewers.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada en-US Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 2581-1037 <p>Copyright is granted to authors for the purpose of providing protection for articles written to describe experiments and their results. JCEF will protect and defend the work and reputation of the author and are also willing to address any allegations of violation, plagiarism, fraud, etc. against articles written and published by JCEF.&nbsp; JCEF is published under the terms of the&nbsp;<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>&nbsp;(CC BY-SA 4.0). The author holds the copyright and assigns the journal rights to the first publication (online and print) of the work simultaneously.</p> https://journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/15085 <p>The Curtain Wall-Pile Breakwater (CPB) is comprised of a precast concrete wall structure that is upheld by pillars. The effectiveness of this breakwater has been extensively examined through experimental and numerical approaches in comparison to the conventional gravitational breakwater due to its reduced underwater footprint, which could be more environmentally sustainable. A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model using the open-source algorithm DualSPHysics is presented in this paper to simulate wave reflection on a CPB for multiple variables. This study focused on assessing the CPB’s performance in reflecting wave energy represented by the reflection coefficient (Cr), with a detailed investigation of two key parameters: relative depth, which is the ratio of wall depth to water depth (h/d) and wave steepness (Hi/L). The physical model was also tested in a laboratory flume to confirm the accuracy of the simulation results obtained through SPH. A fluid particle size of 0.5 cm was used, resulting in a simulation comprising approximately 9,320,717 particles. The results indicate that the Cr is directly proportional to the h/d and significantly influenced by Hi/L. Specifically, changes in h/d from 0.0 to 0.7 resulted in Cr increases from approximately 0.21 to 0.49 for lower wave steepness (Hi/L = 0.0097) and from approximately 0.36 to 0.60 for higher wave steepness (Hi/L = 0.0499). The quantitative analysis based on the quadratic regression equations shows that both the relative depth and wave steepness significantly influence the effectiveness of the CPB. The reflection coefficient increases with the relative depth, with a more significant effect observed for higher wave steepness. These findings underline the importance of considering both parameters in the design and optimization of breakwater structures to ensure robust and effective coastal protection.</p> Muhammad Farizqi Khaldirian Marcio Tahalele Inggrit Tri Trida Wahyu Satiti Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-03-18 2025-03-18 113 124 10.22146/jcef.15085