Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Development of Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEEDS) Containing Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract, an Anticancer against T47D Cells, as a Co-Chemotherapy of Cisplatin

Wed, 18 Feb 2026 14:37:15 +0700

The first-line chemotherapy drug for breast cancer is cisplatin. However, it shows a high incidence of resistance. Therefore, Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (HS), containing strong anticancer compounds, was developed using a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), potentially as cisplatin co-chemotherapy. This study aimed to develop the HS SNEDDS providing anticancer activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The methods consist of the development of HS SNEDDS (F1-F7) with various surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations, followed by characterization of HS SNEDDS. The selected formulation was evaluated regarding the cytotoxicity on T47D cells and selectivity on Vero cells. The results showed that F7, as a selected formulation, indicated a transmittance, globule size, PI, zeta potential, and emulsification time of 97.80%, 15.68 ± 0.19 nm, 0.12 ± 0.01, -8.05 ± 1.88 mV, and 24.76 ± 0.29 seconds, respectively. Furthermore, according to the data of toxicity and selectivity studies, HS SNEDDS was proven to enhance the toxic properties of HS extract on T47D cells and be safe on normal cells. In conclusion, HS SNEDDS providing the required characteristics could be obtained, and potentially be used as a co-chemotherapy of cisplatin, showing the cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells.

Ethnopharmacology Analysis of Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants from Menoreh Hills: Linking Local Knowledge to Pharmacological Evidence

Faisal Nur Arib, Kintoko Kintoko, Nanik Sulistyani, Akrom Akrom — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 15:05:21 +0700

Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide and in Indonesia. Documenting locally utilized antidiabetic plants may inform evidence-based phytotherapy. This study mapped antidiabetic medicinal plants in Samigaluh (Menoreh Hills) and prioritized candidates by linking community knowledge with pharmacological data. Semi-structured interviews and observation were conducted between July and August 2025, and involved ten informants selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices (Use Value, Relative Frequency of Citation, Fidelity Level, Plant Part Value) were calculated, followed by a PubMed-based narrative review. The Zingiberaceae family was predominant (seven species); rhizomes were the most utilized (39.58%), followed by stems (25.00%) and leaves (22.92%). Vernonia amygdalina was prioritized for diabetes-specific consensus (Fidelity Level 100%, Relative Frequency of Citation 0.7), and Curcuma mangga for its high usage and popularity (Use Value 1.3, Relative Frequency of Citation 0.6). Pharmacological evidence indicates that V. amygdalina exhibits antidiabetic effects through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, enhancement of GLUT4, and suppression of gluconeogenesis, supported by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C. mangga demonstrates hypoglycemic activities and β-cell protection, along with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunostimulant activities as supportive mechanisms. Local knowledge thus aligns with mechanistic findings, supporting a complementary pairing of V. amygdalina and C. mangga for future antidiabetic combinations; further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is recommended.

Evaluation Antibacterial Activity of Rosary Pea (Abrus precatorius L.) Leaf Extract against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonnei

Amalia Shari, Alda Bunga Syahfitri — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 15:41:40 +0700

Bacteria are major contributors to infectious diseases, including Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonnei. Although antibiotics remain the primary treatment, prolonged use can lead to antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative agents capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Scientific validation of medicinal plants is crucial for complementing traditional knowledge in bioprospecting efforts. The Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius L.) is one such plant with potential antibacterial properties. This study evaluates the inhibitory activity of Abrus precatorius L. leaf ethanol extract against S. aureus and S. sonnei at concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The extract demonstrated optimal activity at 100%, exhibiting moderate inhibition against S. aureus and weak inhibition against S. sonnei. These findings underscore the potential of Abrus precatorius L as a source of antibacterial compounds and provide a foundation for developing improved formulations with enhanced antibacterial efficacy.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Derived from Patin Fish Oil on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Bioinformatics Study

Doddy Aditya Purnomo, Kevin Awidarta, Agung Endro Nugroho, Abdul Rohman — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:00:34 +0700

Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus with a significant global impact on end-stage renal disease. Fish-derived fatty acids show promise in inflammatory disorders, but their mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic targets of EPA and DHA from Patin fish oils. Potential targets of EPA and DHA were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction, SEA, and SuperPRED databases, identifying 160 and 185 targets, respectively. Notably, 37 and 62 of these targets overlapped with DN-related targets from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed hub genes, including PPARG, TLR4, and TP53, as critical mediators. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed involvement in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process for EPA and regulation of inflammatory response for DHA, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the modulation of PPAR signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed favorable binding affinities of EPA and DHA to key targets such as PPARG (-8.04 kcal/mol for DHA) and PPARD (-8.11 kcal/mol for EPA). These findings suggest that EPA and DHA may mitigate DN-associated inflammation through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions, positioning them as potential supplementary therapeutic agents.

Integration of Molecular Docking in the Identification of Natural Antioxidants: Interaction Study of Jackfruit Leaf Flavonoids with NADPH:FMN Oxidoreductase

Muhammad Andre Reynaldi, Meri Ropiqa — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 17:09:34 +0700

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the progression of various degenerative diseases through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), driven in spart by the activity of redox related enzymes such as NADPH:FMN oxidoreductase. Bioactive compounds from jackfruit leaves are known to possess antioxidant potential, yet their molecular mechanisms against specific enzymatic targets remain insufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction of jackfruit leaf flavonoids morin, oxyresveratrol, and artocarpin with NADPH:FMN oxidoreductase using molecular docking analysis. The 1BKJ protein structure was prepared following standard protocols, and all ligands were optimized prior to performing redocking for method validation. AutoDock Vina 1.2.7 was employed with a 20×20×20 Å grid box area. Redocking produced an RMSD of 0.1469 Å, confirming the reliability of the docking parameters. Docking results revealed that morin (–7.848 kcal/mol) and oxyresveratrol (–7.577 kcal/mol) exhibited stronger binding affinities compared with vitamin C (–5.713 kcal/mol) and artocarpin (–5.577 kcal/mol). The dominant interactions involved Arg15, Arg169, Tyr128, Tyr199, and Tyr200, residues that contribute to the stabilization of ligand protein complexes in silico and may be located near functionally relevant regions associated with redox activity. These findings suggest that jackfruit leaf flavonoids may serve as promising candidates for further investigation as potential modulators of redox related enzymes based on predictive in silico evidence.

Formulation of Theophylline Sustained-Release Tablets with a Combination of Eudragit RS 100 and Lactose

Meysiska Trisnaningtyas, Endang Diyah Ikasari, Intan Martha Cahyani — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 17:22:07 +0700

Sustained-release (SR) delivery of Theophylline is pharmaceutically essential due to its narrow therapeutic index and the need to maintain controlled plasma exposure. This study aims to investigate the release kinetics and matrix-modifying roles of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose in three SR tablet formulations of Theophylline. Tablets were produced with the wet granulation method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior according to USP specifications, and kinetic model fitting. The physicochemical evaluation revealed clear differences among formulations. F-1 exhibited the highest hardness (10.48 ± 0.10 kg/cm²) but excessive friability (2.40 ± 0.01%), whereas F-2 and F-3 showed lower hardness values (8.25 ± 0.03 and 8.03 ± 0.02 kg/cm²) with acceptable friability (0.32 ± 0.03% and 0.34 ± 0.03%). Granule flow properties improved progressively from F-1 to F-3, as indicated by reduced Carr’s Index (16.17 ± 0.16 to 11.58 ± 0.32%) and Hausner Ratio (1.193 to 1.131), accompanied by increased flow rates (12.12 ± 0.03 to 14.48 ± 0.53 g/s) (p < 0.05). These physicochemical differences were reflected in dissolution behavior and drug-release kinetics, confirming the matrix-modifying effects of Eudragit RS 100 and lactose. Kinetic modeling demonstrated formulation-dependent release mechanisms: F-1 showed the highest correlation with the zero-order model (R² = 0.9858), suggesting a near constant drug-release rate, whereas F-2 exhibited the best fit to a second-order model (R² = 0.9635), indicating concentration-dependent release. In contrast, F-3 was optimally described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R² = 0.9545), consistent with anomalous transport governed by combined diffusion and polymer relaxation.

Potential Drug Interactions in Outpatients with Hypertension and Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital Riau Province

Husnawati Husnawati; Rahmayati Rusnedy, Ma'isyatul Fadillah, Reni Zulfitri — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 11:38:12 +0700

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are degenerative diseases that if not managed properly will lead to other disease complications. This condition can cause polypharmacy which has the potential to cause drug interactions. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence or absence of drug interactions used in the treatment of hypertension patients with comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus at Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau ProvinceThis study was conducted using a descriptive analysis design by collecting retrospective data. The samples are all outpatients diagnosed with hypertension and coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus from January to December 2024 who met the inclusion criteria. The total sample in this study was 110 samples. In this study use one variable, drug interaction. The instrument used in this study was a patient’s medical record. The results obtained were analyzed descriptively with online media screening using Drugs.com and Medscape.com sites and textbook screening such as Stockley's Drug Information Handbook (DIH) Drug Interaction, 12th edition, 2019. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively using percentages. The results showed that there were 70 cases of potential drug interactions. The type of pharmacodynamic interaction was 100% and based on severity there were major interactions of 1,43%, moderate 92,86% and minor 5,71%. These findings indicate the potential for drug interactions in outpatients with hypertension and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly pharmacodynamic interactions.

Characteristics of Pie Crusts Made from Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) and Red Bean Flour

Fri, 20 Feb 2026 12:40:25 +0700

The development of bakery products has increased the demand for wheat flour alternatives, especially for individuals with dietary restrictions. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of pie crusts made from MOCAF (modified cassava flour) and red bean flour at various ratios. The experimental method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: MK1 (90% MOCAF, 10% red bean flour), MK2 (85% MOCAF, 15% red bean flour), MK3 (80% MOCAF, 20% red bean flour), and MK4 (75% MOCAF, 25% red bean flour). The parameters evaluated included moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and sensory testing (color, aroma, taste, and crumb texture) using descriptive and hedonic tests. The results of the study showed that increasing the proportion of red bean flour significantly affected the sensory characteristics and nutritional content of pie crusts. MK4, with a ratio of 75% MOCAF and 25% red bean flour, achieved the highest hedonic scores for color (3.63), taste (3.50), aroma (3.86), and crumbly texture (4.18), which were most preferred by the panelists. Proximate analysis revealed that MK4 had a moisture content of 4.21%, ash content of 1.88%, protein content of 9.94%, and fat content of 26.09%. In conclusion, the addition of red bean flour to the pie crust formulation with MOCAF improves sensory quality and nutritional value, making it a suitable alternative for healthier bread products.

Production of Solid Soap from Arabica Coffee Grounds (Coffea arabica L.) with Antibacterial Properties

Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:08:36 +0700

Coffee shops are now a favourite hangout for people of all ages, so many entrepreneurs are developing coffee shop businesses because of their high profit potential. Arabica coffee is the type of coffee most commonly used in coffee shops. The coffee-making process produces waste in the form of coffee grounds. Coffee grounds can be used as an ingredient in beauty products such as soap. Soap is the result of saponification, which is a reaction between a base or alkali and fatty acids, which acts as a skin cleanser. This study aims to examine the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in Arabica coffee grounds (Coffea arabica L.), test the physical quality of solid soap made from Arabica coffee grounds (C arabica L.), and assess the soap's ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Arabica coffee grounds were first analysed through qualitative phytochemical screening tests using test tubes and various reagents, then formulated into solid soap with different concentrations, namely 4%, 7%, and 9%. After that, physical properties testing and antibacterial activity evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus were carried out using the disc diffusion method. The research results data were presented using descriptive analysis. The tests revealed that Arabica coffee residues contain secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. Solid soap made from Arabica coffee grounds meets the physical quality test standards in accordance with SNI 3532:2021 and that solid soap made from Arabica coffee grounds with a percentage of 7% (formula 2) and 9% (formula 3) has the potential to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a moderate category. It can be concluded that Arabica coffee grounds contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. Solid soap with Arabica coffee grounds as an ingredient meets the physical quality requirements in accordance with SNI 3532:2021. Soap formulas with a coffee grounds concentration of 7% (F2) and 9% (F3) have the potential to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with moderate efficacy.

In-Silico Investigation of Compounds from Black Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata L.) as Inhibitors of Exo-1,3-β-Glucanase in Candida albicans

Ririn Puspadewi, Dadan Suryasaputra, Rizki Nurrohmana — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 13:29:17 +0700

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for systemic infections that result in considerable morbidity and mortality. The enzyme Exo-1,3 β-glucanase is essential for cell wall metabolism and pathogenicity in C. albicans, rendering it a potential therapeutic target. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive compounds from black mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata L.) as inhibitors of Exo-1,3 β-glucanase using an in silico approach. The test results from 28 black mangrove plant compounds yielded a the free energy value (ΔG) with a the inhibition constant (KI) comparable to that of ibrexafungerp. The four compounds exhibited the following properties: β-amyrin (ΔG) = -8.24 kcal/mol with KI = 908.46 nM, lupeol = -8.19 kcal/mol with KI = 994.44 nM, ethyl-iso allocholate = -7.66 kcal/mol with KI = 2.44 μM, and magnolol = -7.2 kcal/mol with KI = 5.25 μM. The molecular docking test results were evaluated from multiple perspectives, specifically the ΔG value generated post-docking, the KI, and the interactions of amino acid bonds and residues with the receptor. The ADMET prediction test results indicate that the four molecular docking test chemicals exhibit commendable skin penetrating capabilities. Based on the results of the tests, the four compounds, namely Ethyl-isoallocholate, β-amyrin, Magnolol, and Lupeol with β-amyrin, have the potential to become new drug candidates as Exo 1-3-(-glucanase inhibitors) in Candida albicans