Prototype of Internet of Things-Based Automatic Hydroponic System
Abstract
The increase in food needs, including vegetables and fruits, corresponds with population growth. However, agricultural land is increasingly declining due to land conversion. This decline can threaten national food security. Utilizing hydroponic systems for plant cultivation is one of the efforts to adapt to land reduction, land degradations, and adverse impacts of global climate change. Unfortunately, hydroponic cultivation requires constant monitoring of plant nutrition. This research aimed to create an automatic hydroponic system that controlled the process of regulating nutrients to save growers time and energy. Through Internet of things (IoT) technology, automatic hydroponic cultivation can monitor plant life, temperature, humidity, water level in reservoirs, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH of nutrient solutions. In addition, it can visually monitor plants through Android applications. The hydroponic system used for planting was the nutrient film technique, and the plant cultivated was lettuce. The system consisted of TDS sensors to measure TDS, analog pH sensors to measure the pH, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors to measure the water level in the reservoir, DHT11 sensors, ESP32 microcontrollers, and ESP32-CAM to monitor plant growth remotely. Based on system testing results, the average of TDS increased from 600 ppm in the first week to 900 ppm in the fifth week, the average pH was 6.19, and the average water level in the reservoir was 20.89 cm. All test result parameters are at the designed values.
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