Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Analysis of Guinea Pig Skin as Animal Model in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine

Laksmindra Fitria — 2024-08-31

Skin is the main barrier to protect against harmful environmental influences, one of which is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which comes from sunlight. Therefore, skin damage due to UVR (photodamage) has gained prominence in dermatology and aesthetic medicine, especially in tropical countries. Guinea pig (GP) as tropical mammal is potential to serve as animal model for skin-related research due to the similarity of their coat pigmentation to that of humans. This research aims to study the skin condition and histomorphometric structure of GP skin with coat color variations. Samples consisted of six adult female GP with tricolor and tortoiseshell patterns. After neatly shaved in 2 x 2 cm² area, skin condition is then evaluated using Skin Analyzer. Skin samples were processed into histological preparations using paraffin method with 10 % NBF as fixative and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) to measure the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Results demonstrated that skin moisture levels do not significantly differ between coat colors, higher levels of sebum and pigmentation correspond with darker coat colors, whereas lower levels of elasticity and collagen are associated with lighter coat colors. Histomorphometric examination showed that in tortoiseshell GP, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increased with the coat color, but in tricolor GP, the thickness of epidermis and dermis varied. Furthermore, tortoiseshell GP have thicker epidermis and dermis than tricolor GP. It can be concluded that coat color affects the skin condition as well as the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Based on the pigmentation pattern, tortoiseshell GP is promoted as the most suitable animal model to represent tropical human skin.

The Effectiveness of Plant Toxins from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L., 1753) and Purple Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L., 1753) on Rice Bettle Sitophilus oryzae L. (1758)

Adella Putri Hafida Ilma — 2024-08-31

Rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae is one of the pests that must be eradicated because it plays a role in reducing rice quality, especially in storage warehouses.Usually the warehouse staff eradicate the rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae with artificial insecticides. However, artificial insecticides are not very friendly to the environment. Researchers try to bring solutions to these problems. This research describes a solution to create natural insecticides derived from plants. It has been proven that natural insecticides are much more environmentally friendly than artificial insecticides. This research used the simplicia powder of the Butterfly Pea Clitoria ternatea and the Purple Lavender Lavandula afficinalis as a test material to see its toxin ability against the rice beetle Sitophyllus oryzae to cause mortality. Researchers used quantities of 2 grams, 4 grams, 6 grams, and 8 grams which were supplemented with controls on each plant. The results of the data obtained are displayed in graphical form and using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and using a further test of Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) using the SPSS ver.25 application to find out the significant difference between the test materials. It can be concluded that the Purple Lavender simplicia powder Lavandula afficinalis can kill the Rice Beetle Sitophyllus oryzae more, with the number of deaths reaching 63 tails and a quantity of 8 grams with the highest mortality rate.

Yeast and Wrapping Materials on The Quality of Tempeh

Annisa Nur Rachmah — 2024-08-31

Abstract: Tempeh is one of the popular fermented soybeas products in Indonesia and in involves yeast in its manufacture. In addition to its delicious taste and relatively affordable price, tempeh has many nutritional values including vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin K, protein and high essential amino acids. The good tempeh quality can be affected by materials preference and accuracy throughout making process. Besides soybeans, the tempeh quality is affected by type of yeast and packaging materials. Currently, tempeh making process commonly use instant yeast and plastic as wrapping material than either usar or other wrapping material in the market. The research objective was to elaborate the yeast types impact and wrapping materials on the quality and shelf life of soybean tempeh. The organoleptic assessment was carried out by the hedonic test analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test and proceeded by the Mann Whitney test if there was a significant difference. Meanwhile, the observation of shelf life was carried out by means of a sensory test until the tempeh rotted. The results showed the type of yeast and packaging materials influencing on the quality of tempeh. Tempeh treatment P5 (using usar and banana leaves) had the highest score in color criteria (3.76±0.0737), smell (2.73±0.1447^ceg), texture (2.93±0.1047^ceg), taste (3.74±0.1407^fj), shelf life (4 days) and faster mold growth than other treatment. According to the results, the panelists preferred tempeh fermented using usar and wrapped in banana leaves, because it was more natural and had the longest durability.

Variation and Phenetic Relationship of Passiflora spp. in Yogyakarta Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters

Nur 'Aini Maulidiyah — 2024-08-31

Passiflora spp. or passion fruit is a tropical plant that is often used as a food source. The large morphological variations of Passiflora cause difficulties in identifying the species. The objectives of the study are to identify the specific morphological and anatomical characters of Passiflora spp. in Yogyakarta and to determine their phenetic relationship for identification. A total of 15 samples of Passiflora were taken by purposive sampling technique from Bantul, Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Yogyakarta City, and then carried through the morphological and anatomical characterization. The morphological characters observed stems, leaves, and flowers, while the anatomical characters observed leaves. The results show that the observed samples are identified as four species, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis. The P. edulis species consists of two forms, P. edulis f. flavicarpa and P. edulis f. edulis. The variation of morphological character lie in young stem shape, leaf shape, the texture of stem and leaf surface, bract shape and color, sepal and petal color, and the presence of a purple corona ring. While the variation of anatomical characters lie in the pattern of the vascular bundles, the shape of the upper and lower sides of the leaf veins, the shape and size of the palisade cells, as well as the type and density of stomata. Based on the phenetic analysis on the 0.8 phenon line, four main clusters were formed, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis.

Anatomical Development and Histochemical Study of Steril Ovule Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.)

Wanda Aulia Pamungkas — 2024-08-31

In this section, the abstract must be written in English. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a plant that grows and spreads throughout Indonesia. This plant is widely cultivated because of its economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule at the tip, middle and base of the female strobili and to determine the content of secondary metabolites in melinjo sterile ovule. The material used is sterile ovulum melinjo at the tip, middle and base of the female strobilus. In observing the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule, preparations were made using the paraffin method, single staining, and observed under a microscope. The anatomical data of the sterile ovule were analyzed descriptively. Observation of secondary metabolite content was carried out through histochemical tests, then observed with a light microscope and the results of the observations were documented using OptiLab. The results of observing anatomical development show that at different ages of melinjo sterile ovule there are structural differences in the constituent tissues. The results of observations on anatomical development show that at different ages the melinjo sterile ovule has structural differences in its constituent tissue, the more mature the melinjo sterile ovule, the constituent tissue is increasingly degraded. Histochemical test results showed that the sterile melinjo ovule contained secondary metabolites of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids.