Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Bioactive Profile of Stingless Bee Honey Based on Nectar Source Types

Irnayanti Bahar, Wiwik Wiji Astuti, Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari Suhri — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 18:24:07 +0700

Stingless bee honey (Meliponini) is a natural product with strategic value in the functional food and health industries due to its unique bioactive compound content. However, variations in honey composition based on nectar sources in Indonesia, have not been thoroughly documented. This study aims to analyze the differences in moisture content, total sugars, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties of stingless bee honey derived from different nectar sources. Honey samples were obtained from three distinct vegetative sources: acacia, rambutan, and longan nectars. Laboratory analyses were conducted using standard methods, including spectrophotometry for measuring sugar and polyphenol contents, DPPH assay for antioxidant activity, and disc diffusion method for antimicrobial testing. The results showed that honey from rambutan nectar had the lowest moisture content (23.5% ±1.2), the highest polyphenol content (356 ±21 mg GAE/100g), and the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 12.4 mg/mL). In addition, this honey also demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 14.2 ±1.5 mm. These findings indicate that nectar source plays a crucial role in determining honey quality, and may serve as a foundation for the development of high-value honey products based on local floral biodiversity.

Ethnobotanical Study of Acid Plant (Tamarindus indica L.) In Manatuto Vila Timor-Leste

Alice Pinto — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 18:54:45 +0700

Abstract: Tamarindus indica L. is a type of multifunctional tree, because it has various ethnobotanical benefits. This study aims to determine the sources of tamarind plant, the use of ethnobotany and the source of local community knowledge regarding the ethnobotanical utilization of this plant. The type of this research is a qualitative and the methods used are interview and observation. The research results show that the local community could obtain tamarind from their yards with the highest percentage at 74%. The results of ethnobotanical utilization shows that acid seeds as a food ingredient with the highest IC value of 100%, followed by the use of leaves and fruits as traditional medicine with a value of 98%, leaves shoots, fruit and flowers as kitchen spices with a value of 96%, the use of branches and twigs as firewood with a value of 88%. The sources of this knowledge were obtained from the ancestors with the highest percentage of 98%. Thus, it can be concluded that tamarind plant has multiple functions in ethnobotany, which is a cultural heritage from their ancestors and still preserved at present.

Species Diversity of Epiphytes Lichens in Kopeng Treetop Adventure Park and Umbul Sanga, Mount Merbabu National Park

Ludmilla Untari — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 20:59:55 +0700

Mount Merbabu is one of the national parks in Indonesia, located in the Mount Merbabu area. Mt. Merbabu is located in three regencies, Magelang Regency, Boyolali Regency and Semarang Regency. This national park area is a protected forest area, which is an important habitat for the diversity of flora and fauna. One of the important groups of organisms found in the area is lichens. The lichens are an organism that is the result of a symbiosis between algae and fungi and has a very high diversity. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity of lichens species in Kopeng Treetop Adventure Park and Umbul Sanga, Mount Merbabu National Park. Kopeng Treetop Adventure Park and Umbul Sanga are areas within Mount Merbabu National Park, which is a tourist area. Sampling was carried out using the purposive random sampling method, then identification was carried out based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as well as chemical characteristics using a simple spot test. The identification results showed a number of 19 species, namely Crytothecia sp., Diploicia canescens, Graphis scripta, Hypotrachyna britannica, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Lecanora conizaeoides, Lecanora expallens, Lepraria lobificans, Lepraria neglecta, Lepraria nivalis, Candelaria sp., Parmelia sp., Parmelia sulcata, Parmelia tiliacea, Parmotrema perlatum, Parmotrema crinitum, Platismatia glauca, and Xanthoparmelia mougeotii. A description of each species is presented in this article.

Feasibility of the Nglanggeran Area, Indonesia as a Location for Releasing Birds of Prey

Rury Eprilurahman — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 21:11:25 +0700

The release of birds of prey requires suitable habitats to ensure the success and survival of the species in the wild. This study aimed to conduct a habitat assessment in the Nglanggeran area, Yogyakarta, as a potential release site for birds of prey. The methods included exploratory and stationary observations to record the species, numbers, behavior, and movement of birds of prey, complemented by data collection on other bird species, potential prey, and threats through semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the Nglanggeran area, dominated by teak, mahogany, acacia, and fruit trees, supports birds of prey such as the Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela), Spotted Kestrel (Falco moluccensis), Chinese Goshawk (Accipiter soloensis), and Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus). This habitat was deemed suitable based on the availability of food, nesting sites, and minimal threats. These findings support the potential of Nglanggeran as a release site for birds of prey in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta region.

Diversity Of Mangrove Plants In Balikpapan Bay and Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan Province

Muhammad Hijri Haydar, Tri Atmoko, Indonesia, Indonesia — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 21:22:16 +0700

Mangroves provide many benefits for the environment and humans. Overexploitation will damage mangrove plants so that it will reduce the benefits of mangroves. Mangrove plant inventory can provide information on the diversity and composition of mangroves in Balikpapan Bay and Mahakam Delta as a database for mangrove monitoring. This study was conducted to study the diversity and comparison of mangrove plant composition in Balikpapan Bay and Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Sampling is carried out by tracing the waterway with the purposive sampling method. The samples were dried into dried herbarium specimens and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology UGM. The identification work was completed with descriptions and artificial identification keys then continued with a comparative analysis of the composition using the Sorensen Similarity Index. The results of research conducted showed that there are 44 species belonging to 15 orders, 25 families, and 35 genera. Balikpapan Bay shows higher mangrove diversity, with 32 species, compared to Mahakam Delta, with 24 species. The most common genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Sonneratia, and Xylocarpus. The species composition of mangroves between Mahakam Delta and Balikpapan Bay shows a low level of similarity, with a similarity value of 40.67%.