Photoprotective Effect of Samia ricini (Drury, 1773) Silkworm Cocoon Extract on Viability and Collagen Production in Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) Cells Induced by UVB Irradiation
Abstract
UVB radiation (290–320 nm) induces oxidative stress, reducing cell viability and degrading collagen in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Samia ricini, a non-mulberry silkworm, produces sericin—a natural protein with antioxidant, UV-protective, and anti-aging properties. However, its photoprotective potential remains underexplored, particularly in Indonesia. This study investigates the protective effects of Samia ricini cocoon extract (EKUS) against UVB-induced damage in HDF cells, as evaluated by measuring cell viability using the MTT assay and collagen production through the Sirius Red assay. HDF cells seeded at 5×10³ and 1×10⁴ cells/well were irradiated with UVB (280 mJ cm-²) and treated with EKUS at concentrations ranging from 15.625 to 1000 µg mL-1. EKUS showed no cytotoxicity in normal HDF cells across this concentration range. Pre-treatment with 500 µg mL-1 EKUS maintained cell viability above 80 % post-UVB exposure. At 1000 µg mL-1 , EKUS significantly enhanced cell viability to 123.86 ± 16.77 % and 128.39 ± 13.22 % at 5×10³ and 1×10⁴ cells/well, respectively. In collagen assays, EKUS at 900 µg mL-1 increased collagen production to 146.30 ± 27.20 % (5×10³ cells/well) and 189.04 ± 9.66 % (1×10⁴ cells/well), compared to UVB-treated controls. These findings indicate that EKUS exhibits significant photoprotective effects by preserving cell viability and enhancing collagen synthesis in UVB-exposed HDF cells. Additional studies are suggested to confirm its potential in more intricate models.
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