Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Andong in Bali Using matK Based DNA Barcoding

Livia Sastry Sihotang; I Ketut  Suada; I Nyoman  Wijaya; I Gede Putu  Wirawan; Ida Gde Bagus  Pranatayana; Trisna Agung  Phabiola

doi:10.22146/jtbb.21642

Livia Sastry Sihotang Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3396-3713
I Ketut Suada Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-4345
I Nyoman Wijaya Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia
I Gede Putu Wirawan Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-8185
Ida Gde Bagus Pranatayana Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5420-5711
Trisna Agung Phabiola Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.21642

Keywords: Andong, Asparagaceae, DNA barcoding, matK gene, Phylogenetics

Abstract

Andong (Cordyline fruticosa) is a tropical plant with high ethnobotanical and cultural value. Despite its traditional usage, its taxonomic classification is still under debate, as various literature sources place it in different families, such as Liliaceae, Agavaceae, and Asparagaceae. This discrepancy indicates that morphology-based identification alone is insufficient for accurate classification. This study aims to determine the genetic identity and phylogenetic relationship of andong in Bali using matK gene-based DNA barcoding. DNA was isolated from andong leaves, amplified by PCR, sequenced, and then analysed using BLAST and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The resulting 862 bp consensus sequence showed 99.8 % similarity to Cordyline fruticosa (OQ289248.1) from the USA. The phylogenetic tree constructed using the Neighbour-Joining method grouped andong in the same clade as that species, supported by a bootstrap value of 71 % and a genetic distance of 0.001. These findings supported the classification of andong in the family Asparagaceae, as it is genetically more closely related to species in this family than to those in other families. This study confirmed that DNA barcoding using the matK gene is effective for taxonomic clarification and the conservation of local plant genetic resources.

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