Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) Konsentrasi 10% Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans

Zenia Adindaputri U; Nunuk Purwanti; Ivan Arie Wahyudi

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.6803

Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) Konsentrasi 10% Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.6803

Zenia Adindaputri U^(1*), Nunuk Purwanti⁽²⁾, Ivan Arie Wahyudi⁽³⁾

(1) Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Bagian Biomedika, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Bagian Biomedika, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang berperan sebagai agen utama penyebab karies gigi, yang memiliki enzim glukosiltransferase (GTF). Enzim GTF akan mengubah sukrosa menjadi fruktosa dan glukan. Salah satu herbal tradisional yang dapat berperan sebagai antibakteri adalah kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) yang mengandung polifenol terutama flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) konsentrasi 10% terhadap aktivitas enzim GTF Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis konsentrasi 10% sebagai perlakuan, chlorhexidine gluconate 0,12% sebagai kontrol positif, serta akuades steril sebagai kontrol negatif. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu penyiapan ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis konsentrasi 10%, penyiapan enzim GTF dari supernatan Streptococcus mutans, dan pengujian aktivitas enzim GTF melalui analisis konsentrasi fruktosa dengan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pembacaan luas area fruktosa dilakukan berdasarkan waktu retensi. Satu unit aktivitas enzim GTF di definisikan sebagai 1 µmol fruktosa/ml dari enzim/jam. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan one way ANOVA.Hasil perhitungan aktivitas enzim GTF dengan one way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05), dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan kontrol positif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis konsentrasi 10% dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans.

The Influence of 10% Concentrate of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle on The Activities of Streptococcus Mutans Glucocyl Transferase Enzyme. Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria which has glucosyl transferase (GTF) enzyme and acts as the main agent that causes dental caries. GTF enzyme will convert sucrose into fructose and glucan. Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the traditional herbs which has flavonoid as an antibacterial agent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of 10% concentration of lime peel extract (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) to the activity of GTF enzyme Streptococcus mutans.This research used 10% concentration of lime peel extract as the treatment, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as a positive control, and distillate water as anegative control. The method of this research consists of three steps; preparing the lime peel extract concentration of 10%, preparing the GTF enzyme from the supernatant of Streptococcus mutans, and testing GTF enzyme activity by analyzing the fructose concentration using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Perusal of the fructose area was based on the retention time of fructose. One unit of GTF enzyme activity is defined as the 1 μmol fructose / ml of enzyme / hour. The obtained data then were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The result showed a significant difference between treatment group with the negative control (p <0.05), and there are no significant difference with the positive control. This research concludes that 10% lime peel extract can inhibit the GTF enzyme activity of Streptococcus mutans.

Keywords

Streptococcus mutans; glukosiltransferase; kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle); streptococcus mutans; glucosyltransferase; lime peel extract (citrus aurantifolia swingle)

Full Text:

PDF

References

Samaranayake LP, Jones BM. Essential microbiology for dentistry. Ed 2. London: Churchill. Livingstone;2002. H. 217-8.

Lamont RJ, Burne RA, lantz MS, LeBlanc DJ. Oral microbiology and immunology. Washington D.C: ASM Press; 2006. H. 233-7.

Marsh P, Martin MV. Oral microbiology. 4th ed. Oxford: Wright; 1999. H. 17-22, 44-50.

Koo H, Rosalen PL, Cury JA, Park YK, Bowen WH. Effects of compounds found in propolis on streptococcus mutans growth and on glucosyltransferase activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002. 46(5): 1302-9

Fujiwara T, Hoshino T, Ooshima T, Sobue S, Hamada S. Purification characterization, and molecular analysis of the gene encoding Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus oralis. Infect Imun. 2000. 68(5): 2475-83.

Adina AB, Handoko FF, Setyarini II, Septistyani EP, Riyanto S, Meiyanto. Ekstrak etanolik kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (cristm.) Swingle) meningkatkan sensitivitas sel mcf-7 terhadap Doxorubicin. Proceeding Kongres Ilmiah XVI Ikatan Sarjana Farmasi Indonesia. 2008; 55-62.

Astawan W, Kasih AL.Khasiat Warna–Warni Makanan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka; 2008. H. 31,101

Choi SY, Ko HC, Ko SY, Hwang JH, Park JG, Kang SH, Han SH, Yun SH, Kim SJ. Correlation between flavonoid content and the no production inhibitory activity of peel extracts from various citrus fruits. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2007; 30(4): 772-8

Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS. Dasar–dasar mikrobiologi 2(terj). Jakarta: UI Press; 1988. H. 504

Ikeno K. Ikeno T, Miyazawa C. Effect of propolis on dental caries in rats. Caries Res. 1991: 25: 347-51

Putriyanti D. Identifikasi fruktosa pada beberapa jenis tape serta pengamatan perubahan mikrobiologi dan biokimiawi tape singkong selama fermentasi. Skripsi. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor; 1990.

Park YK, Koo MH, Abreu JAS, Ikegaki M, Cury JA, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of propolis on oral microorganisms. Curr Microbiol. 1998; 36: 24-8.

Po-Jung T, Tzung-Hsun T, Su-Chen H. In vitro inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts on growth and glucosyltransferase activity of streptococcus sobrinus. Food Chemistry. 2007; 105: 311-6.

Nakahara K, Kawabata S, Ono H, Ogura K, Tanaka T, Ooshima T, Hamada S. Inhibitory effect of oolong tea polyphenols on glucosyltransferase of mutans streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993; 59(4):968-73.

Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA. Mikrobiologi Untuk Profesi Kesehatan edisi 16. Jakarta: EGC;1986. H. 115.

Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. Ed 2. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2008. H. 271

Scheie AAA, Kjeilen JCJ. Effects of chlorhexidine, NaF and S11F2 on glucan formation by salivary and culture supernatant GTF adsorbed to hydroxyapatite. Scand J Dent Res. 1987;95: 532-5.

Furiga A. Dols-Lafargue M, Heyraud A, Chambat G, Lonvaud-Funel A, Badet C. Effect of antiplaque compounds and mouthrinses on the activity of glucosyltransferases from streptococcus sobrinus and insoluble glucan production. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2008; 23: 391-400.

Anonim. Chlorhexidine compounds in cosmetic products: Risk assessment of antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance development in microorganisms.2010. http://www.vkm.no/dav/10b449dcc5.pdf, (9 April 2012).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.6803