Ekspresi COX-2  dan Jumlah Neutrofil Fase Inflamasi pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Setelah Pemberian Sistemik Ekstrak Etanolik Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa) (studi in vivo pada Tikus Wistar)

Endah Kusumastuti; Juni Handajani; Heni Susilowati

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.8778

Ekspresi COX-2 dan Jumlah Neutrofil Fase Inflamasi pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Setelah Pemberian Sistemik Ekstrak Etanolik Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa) (studi in vivo pada Tikus Wistar)

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8778

Endah Kusumastuti^(1*), Juni Handajani⁽²⁾, Heni Susilowati⁽³⁾

(1) Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
(2) Bagian Biologi Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Bagian Biologi Mulut, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Inflamasi merupakan respon alami tubuh terhadap adanya kerusakan jaringan. Salah satu medikamen untuk mengatasi inflamasi adalah antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS). Penggunaan AINS mempunyai beberapa efek samping dan dalam beberapa hal penggunaan tanaman obat dinilai lebih aman. Rosela merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian sistemik ekstrak etanolik rosela terhadap ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil fase inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka. Bunga rosela didapatkan dari perkebunan di Dusun Bulusari Desa Pojok Kecamatan Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur. Pembuatan ekstrak rosela dilakukan di LPPT unit I UGM Yogjakarta dengan cara perkolasi. Tikus putih galur Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor diberi perlukaan dengan punch biopsi ɵ 3 mm pada mukosa bukal. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 12 ekor tikus. Pembagian kelompok terdiri dari kontrol negatif (saline), kontrol positif (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg BB) dan perlakuan (ekstrak rosela 500 mg/kg BB). Pemberian minum sesuai kelompoknya sehari sekali selama 4 hari. Pada hari ke-1, ke-2, ke-3 dan ke-4 tikus dikorbankan lalu jaringan mukosa yang mengalami perlukaan dibuat preparat histologis. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dilakukan untuk mengamati jumlah neutrofil. Ekspresi COX-2 diamati pada preparat dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan rabbit polyclonal antibody COX-2 (Lab Vision, USA). Jumlah neutrofil dan ekspresi COX-2 dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya lalu data dianalisi menggunakan ANAVA dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pengamatan klinis pada hari ke-4 juga tampak luka seluruh subjek telah menutup sempurna setelah pemberian minum rosela. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik rosela mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ekspresi COX-2 dan menurunkan jumlah neutrofil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan anti-inflamasi.

Expression of COX-2 and The Number of Neutrophil in Inflammation stage of Wound Healing Process after Systemic Administration of Ethanolic Extract Rosela. Inflammation is an initial stage of body’s natural response to tissue damage.The use empirically plants often used for traditional medicine because it is easily found in the community and fewer side effects. Flavanoid presence of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is thought to have anti inflammatory effects. This study aimed to know the effect of systemic administration of Roselle ethanolic extract toward COX-2 expression and neutrophils number in the inflammatory phase of wound healing processes. Roselle was obtained from plantations in Bulusari hamlet, Tarokan, Kediri, EastJava. Making roselle extract was performed in LPPT unit 1 UGM Yogyakarta by percolation ways. Wistar rats were given a total of 36 injuries with ɵ 3 mm punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Subjects were divided into three groups, each group of 12 rats. The division consists of the negative control group (saline), positive control (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg) and treatment (roselle extract 500 mg/kg). Giving drink suitable group once daily for four days. On day 1, the 2nd, 3rd and fourth rats were sacrificed, and mucosal tissue injury was made histological preparat. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) was performed to observe the number of neutrophils. COX-2 expression was found in preparations for immunohistochemical staining using rabbit polyclonal COX-2 antibody (Lab Vision, USA). The number of neutrophils and expression of COX-2 is calculated under a light microscope data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that the expression of COX-2 and neutrophil number were least in the treatment group compared to the control. Clinical observation on day four also appears around the wound has completely closed the subject after administration of roselle drink. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of roselle can inhibit COX-2 expression and decrease the number of neutrophils that can be used as an anti-inflammatory ingredient.

Keywords

Ekstrak etanolik rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa); ekspresi COX-2; jumlah neutrofil; penyembuhan luka; ethanolic extract of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa); expression of COX-2; neutrophils numbers; wound healing

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8778