Comparison of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Electrocoagulation by Using Fe-Fe and Al-Al Electrodes: Box-Behnken Design

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49545

Darmadi Darmadi(1), Mirna Rahmah Lubis(2), Hizir Hizir(3), Aula Chairunnisak(4), Bastian Arifin(5*)

(1) Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
(2) Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
(3) Mathematics Department, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia 23111
(4) Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
(5) Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This present research aims to compare the COD removal of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes. Response surface method coupled Box-Behnken design is applicable to investigate the effect of various process parameters (voltage, operating time and electrolyte concentration) and optimum condition. The optimum condition by using iron electrode is in 43 minutes, 20 volts and 0.06 M NaCl with the COD removal of 95.045%. By using electrode aluminum, optimum condition is 40.35 minutes, 19 volts and 0.1 M NaCl with the COD removal of 89.941%. Energy consumption of iron electrode and aluminum electrode are 0.189 and 0.209 kWh/mg decomposed COD with energy costs of Rp. 255 and Rp. 282/mg decomposed COD. This indicates that energy and cost consumption of electrocoagulation by using Al electrode are higher than those by using iron electrode. Based on the investigation during research, iron electrode is better for reducing COD while the aluminum is better in removing color in POME.

Keywords


Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), COD, electrocoagulation, electrode, Box Behnken Design

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Abdurahman,N.H., Rosli,Y.M., Azhari, N.H. (2011). Development of a membrane anaerobic system (MAS) for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment, Desalination,266, 208-212. [Journal article]
  2. Ahmad, A.L., Chan, C.Y., Shukor, S.R.A., and Mashitah, M.D. (2010). Optimization of carotene recovery from extracted oil of POME by adsorption chromatography using response surface methodology, Sep. Purif. Technol. 73, 279-285. [Journal article]
  3. Akyol, A., Can, O.T., Demirbas, E., and Kobya, M. (2013). A comparative study of electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton for treatment of wastewater from liquid organic fertilizer plant, Sep. Purif. Technol. 112, 11-19. [Journal article]
  4. Akyol, A., Can, O.T., and Bayramoglu, M. (2015) Treatment of hydroqinone by photochemical oxidation and electrocoagulation combined process. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 112, 45-54. [Journal article]
  5. Azmi, N. S., Faezah, K. M., and Yunos. (2014). Wastewater Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Ultrafiltration Membrane SeparationTechnique Coupled with Adsorption Treatment as Pre-treatment. Agric Science Procedia. 2, 257-264. [Journal article]
  6. Behin, J., Farhadian, N., Ahmadi, M., and Parvizi, M. (2015). Ozone assisted electrocoagulation in a rectangular internal-loop airlift reactor: Application to decolorization of acid dye. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 8, 171-178. [Journal article]
  7. Bello, M.M. and Raman, A.A. (2017). Review Trend and current practices of palm oil mill effluent polishing:Application of advanced oxidation processes and their future perspectives. J. Environ. Manage, 198, 170-182. [Journal article]
  8. Bhatia, S., Othman, Z., and Ahmad, A.L. (2007). Coagulation–flocculation process for POME treatment using Moringa oleifera seeds extract: Optimization studies. Chem. Eng. J, 133, 205–212. [Journal article]
  9. Bezerra, M.A., Santelli, R.E., Oliveira, E.P., Villar, L.S., and Escaleira, L.A. (2008). Review response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta, 76, 965-977. [Journal article]
  10. Chan, Y. J.,Chong, M. F.,and Law, C. W. (2012). An integrated anaerobic–aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME): Start-up and steady state performance. Process Biochemistry. 47,485-495. [Journal article]
  11. Foo, K.Y., and Hameed, B.H. (2010). Insight into the applications of palm oil mill effluent: a renewable utilization of the industrial agricultural waste. Renew. Sustain.Energy Rev. 14, 1445-1452. [Journal article]
  12. Gümüş, D., and Akbal, F. (2016). Comparison of fenton and electrofenton processes for oxidation of phenol. Process Saf. Environ. Prot..103 Part A, 252-258. [Journal article]
  13. Hanum, F., Tambun, R., Ritonga M. Y., and Kasim, W. W. (2015). Aplikasi elektrokoagulasi dalam pengolahan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 4, 13-17. [Journal article]
  14. Khandegar, V., and Saroha, A.K. (2013). Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile industryeffluent-a review.J. Environ. Manag. 128, 949-963. [Journal article]
  15. Kobya, M., and Demirbas, E. (2015). Evaluations of operating parameters on treatment of can manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 8, 64-74. [Journal article]
  16. Lam, M. K., and Lee, K. T. (2011). Renewable and sustainable bioenergy production from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Win–win strategies toward better environmental protection. Biotechnol. Adv, 29, pp. 124-141. [Journal article]
  17. Mohammed, R.R., Ketabachi, M.R., and McKay. G. (2014). Combined magnetic field and adsorption process for treatment of biologically treated palm oil mill effluent (POME). Chem. Eng. Journal. 243, 31-42. [Journal article]
  18. Mook, W., Aroua, M., and Kssabayeva, G. (2014). Prospective applications of renewable energy based electrochemical systems in wastewater treatment: A review. Renew. Sustainable Energy Rev, 38, 36-46. [Journal article]
  19. Moussa, D.T., El-Naas, M.H., Nasser, M., and Al-Marri, M.J. (2016). Review a comprehensive review of electrocoagulation for water treatment: Potentials and challenges. J.Environ. Manage, 186, 1-18. [Journal article]
  20. Nasrullah, M., Singh, L., Mohamad, Z., Norsita, S., Krishnan, S., Wahida, N., and Zularisam, A.W.(2017). Treatment of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation with presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent and polialuminum chloride ascoagulant-aid. Water Res, 17, 7-10. [Journal article]
  21. Nasution, A., Ng, B. L., Ali, E., Yaakob, Z., and Kamarudin, S. K. (2014). Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent for treatment and hydrogen production using response surface methodology. Pol. J. Environ. Stud, 23, 1669-1677. [Journal article]
  22. Neoh, C. H., Yahya, A., Adnan, R., Majid, Z. A., and Ibrahim, Z. (2012). Optimization of decolorization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by growing cultures of aspergillusfumigatus using response surface methodology. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, 20, 2912-2923. [Journal article]
  23. Popescu, M., Sandu, C., Rosales, C., Pazos, M., Lazar G., Sanroman, M.A. (2017). Evaluation of different cathodes and reaction parameters on the enhancement of the electrofenton process. J. Electroanal. Chem, (to be published) [Journal article]
  24. Singh, L., Siddiqui, M.F., Ahmad, A., Rahim, M.H.A., Sakinah, M., and Wahid, Z.A. (2013). Application of polyethylene glycol immobilized Clostridium sp. LS2 for continuous hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, Biochem. Eng. J, 70, 158-165. [Journal article]
  25. Tak, B.Y., Tak, B.S., Kim, Y.J., Park, Y.J., Yoon, Y.H., and Min, G.H. (2015). Optimization of color and COD removal from livestock wastewater by electrocoagulation process: Application of Box-Behnken design (BBD). Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 28, 307-315. [Journal article]
  26. Teh, C.Y., Wu, T.Y., and Juan, J.C. (2014). Potential use of rice starch in coagulation–flocculation process of agroindustrial wastewater: Treatment performance and floc characterization. Ecol. Eng,71, 509-519. [Journal article]
  27. Tetratech.( 2013, 14 March). Methane Capture and Use Potential at Palm Oil Mills in Indonesia. Methane Expo 2013, Vancouver, Canada. [Conference presentation]
  28. Vepsalainen, M. (2012). Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters and wastewaters,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finlandia. [Books]
  29. Vijayaraghavan, K., Ahmad, D., and Aziz, M.H.A. (2007). Aerobic treatment of palm oil milleffluent, J. Environ. Manag. 82, 24-31. [ Journal article]
  30. Yulia, R. (2015). Reduksi Lahan Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit dengan Sistem Kombinasi Anaerobik-Ultrasonik, Syiah Kuala University. [Books]
  31. Wu, T.Y., Mohammad, A.W., Jahim, J. M., and Anuar, N. (2009). A holistic approach to managingpalm oil mill effluent (POME): biotechnological advances in the sustainable reuse of POME. Biotechnol. Adv, 27, 40-52. [Journal article]
  32. Zinatizadeh, A.A.L., Salamatinia, B., Zinatizadeh,S.L., Mohamed,S.L., Hasnain,S.L. (2007). Palm oil mill effluent digestion in an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film bioreactor,Int. J. Environ. Res, 1, 264-271. [Journal article]



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49545

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2078 | views : 2581

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering  (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.