Kinetic Study of Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Low Grade Crude Palm Oil using Sulfuric Acid

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50112

Satriana Satriana(1*), Muhammad Dani Supardan(2)

(1) Department of Agriculture Product Technology, University of Syiah Kuala Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalle 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh - Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala. Jl. Syech Abdur Rauf 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh – Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The kinetics of the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in low grade crude palm oil (CPO) with methanol was studied. In this work, the effects of operational variables involved in the esterification process i.e. alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, agitation speed and the initial amount of FFA of oil, were studied in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst at concentration of 1%-w. The experimental results show that the esterification process could lead to a practical and cost effective FFA removal unit in front of typical oil transesterification for biodiesel production. The experimental results were found to fit a first-order kinetic law. The influence of temperature on the kinetic constants was determined by fitting the results to the Arrhenius equation.

Keywords


esterification, free fatty acid, kinetics, low grade CPO

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Berrios M., Siles J., Martin M.A., Martin A., 2008,Fuel, Vol. 86, No. 15, pp. 2383-2388 Carberry JJ. Chemical and catalytic reaction engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1976.
  2. Cetinkaya, M., Karaosmanoglu, F., 2004, Energy Fuels, Vol. 18, pp. 1888-1095
  3. Chonghong S., Tongurai C., Chetattananondh P., Bunyakan C., 2007, Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 31, pp. 563-568
  4. Crabbe E., Nolasco-Hipolito C.N., Kobayashi G., Sonomoto K., Ishizaki A., 2001, Proc. Biochem., Vol. 37, pp. 65-71
  5. Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., Mounts, T.L., 1984, JAOCS, Vol. 61, pp. 1638-1643 8 Kinetic Study of Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Low Grade Crude Palm Oil using Sulfuric Acid
  6. Ghadge, S.V. and Raheman, H., 2005, Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 28, pp. 601-605 Haas, M.J., 2005, Fuel Process. Technol., Vol. 86, pp. 1087-1096
  7. Kocsisova, T., Cvengros, J., Lutisan, J., 2005, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., Vol. 107, pp. 87-92
  8. Liu, K., 1994, JAOCS, Vol. 71, pp. 1179-1187
  9. Ma, F., Clements, L.D., Hanna, H.A., 1999, Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 69, pp. 289-293
  10. Marchetti, J.M., Errazu, A.F., 2008, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 32, pp. 892-895
  11. Noureddini H., Zhu D., 1997, JAOCS, Vol. 74, pp.1457 - 1463
  12. Tiwari, Kumar, A., Raheman, H., 2007, Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 31, pp. 569-575
  13. Veljkovic, V.B., Lakicevic, S.H., Stamenkovic, O.S., Todorovic, Z.B., Lazic, K.L., 2006, Fuel, Vol. 85, pp. 2671-2675
  14. Zheng, S., Kates, M., Dube, M.A., McLean, D.D., 2006, Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 30, pp. 267- 272



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50112

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1915 | views : 4060

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering  (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.