PENGARUH PARAQUAT TERHADAP BAKTERI TANAH, Rhizobium sp. (Influence of Paraquat Herbicide on Soil Bacteria Rhizobium Sp.)
Erni Martani(1*), Kurniawan Wibowo(2), Bostang Radjagukguk(3), Sebastian Margino(4)
(1) Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(3) Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(4) Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pencemaran pestisida merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan yang menyebabkan gangguan terhadap organisme tanah. Paraquat adalah bahan aktif beberapa jenis herbisida yang banyak diaplikasikan di lahan gambut dan lahan pertanian tadah hujan. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh herbisida paraquat terhadap bakteri Rhizobium sp. Tiga puluh lima strain Rhizobium sp. telah diuji dengan menggunakan teknik difusi cakram kertas (paper disc). Sebagian strain adalah hasil isolasi dari ranah, bintil akar tanaman Ieguminosa dan inokulum leguminosa (Legin - Iegume Inoculum). Enam strain lain aclalah bakteri Rhizobium japonicum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hahwa paraquat memiliki daya hambat terhadap hakteri Rhizohium sp. Sebanyak 17,14% (enam strain) dari seluruh strain yang diuji, tidak mengalami penghambatan sampai konsentrasi paraquat 400 ppm. Bakteri ini memiliki prospek bagus untuk digunakan sebagai inokulum rhizobium terutama di lahan pertanian yang telah tercemari herbisida, khususnya yang mempunyai bahan aktif paraquat. Sebagian besar strain yang digunakan (82,86%) terhambat oleh 20 ppm parakuat dan daya hambat tersebut makin besar seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi paraquat. Mengingat makin meluasnya pemakaian herbisida berbahan aktif paraquat di Indonesia dan peran Rhizobium dalam fiksasi nitrogen, hasil penelitian ini fiksasi memiliki arti penting, terutama bagi petani agar berhati-hati dalam pemakaian pestisida.
ABSTRACT
Pesticedes may cause environmental pollution which lead to disturbance of soil biota. Paraquat is an active agent of herbicides usually used in peat land and rainfed agriculture. This research was conducted to examine the influence of paraquat on symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria, Rhizobium sp. Thirty five trains of the genus Rhizobium were examined in this research. Some of them were isolated from soils, legume root nodules, and legume Inoculum. Six stains of Rhizobium japonicum were also used in this research. Inhibition effect was based on paper disc agar diffusion technique with various concentrations of paraquat (Gramoxone®). The results showed that six stains of Rhizobium sp. (17.14%) were resistant to paraquat up to 400 ppm (w/w). These strains have a good prospect to be applied as Rhizobial-Inoculum especially in agricultural lands usually treated with paraquat. However, most stains of Rhizobium sp, (82.86%) were inhibited by paaquat, and higher paraquat concentration caused higher degree of inhibition. Due to widely applied paraquat herbicides in Indonesia and the role of Rhozobium sp. in nitrogen fization, these results were important, especially for farmers, in pesticide application
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Artikel lengkap (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18575
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