![Cover Image](https://journal.ugm.ac.id/public/journals/99/cover_article_18728_id_ID.jpg)
PENGARUH UMUR POHON, BONITA DAN POSISI AKSIAL BATANG TERHADAP STRUKTUR MAKROSKOPIS DAN KUALITAS KAYU JATI SEBAGAI BAHAN FURNITUR (Effect of Tree Age, Site Quality Index and Trunk Axial Position on Macroscopic Structure and Quality of Teak Wood)
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Yustinus Suranto(1*), Tibertius Agus Prayitno(2), Djoko Marsono(3), Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa(4)
(1) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro no 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro no 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro no 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro no 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan kayu jati muda merupakan solusi alternatif terhadap terbatasnya ketersediaan bahan baku yang dihadapi oleh industri mebel. Kayu muda cenderung memiliki kayu berkualitas rendah. Salah satu pengukur kualitas kayu adalah sifat struktur makroskopik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur pohon, bonita dan posisi aksial batang terhadap struktur makroskopis kayu dan kualitas kayu. Tiga puluh enam pohon jati muda ditebang dari kawasan hutan KPH Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tiga cakram berketebalan 3 cm diambil dari masing-masing posisi aksial batang, yaitu bagian pangkal, tengah dan ujung. Pengukuran proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkaran tahun dilakukan berdasarkan perbedaan warna alami dan dengan menggunakan lembaran plastik transparan bergambar pola milimeter. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians dalam rancangan acak lengkap berblok yang disusun secara faktorial. Pengujian lanjutan dilakukan dengan uji HSD Duncan. Kualitas kayu ditentukan dengan analisis determinan berdasarkan kurva normal Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi tiga faktor tidak berpengaruh terhadap proporsi kayu teras, dan dimensi lingkaran tahun. Interaksi kelas umur dan bonita pengaruh nyata terhadap proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkarah tahun. Posisi aksial batang berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap proporsi kayu teras dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap dimensi lingkaran tahun. Semakin mendekat pada posisi pangkal batang, semakin tinggi proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkaran tahun. Interaksi tiga faktor yaitu kelas umur V, bonita 4 dan posisi tengah batang menghasilkan kualitas kayu tertinggi, yaitu kelas 2, dan interaksi kelas umur V, bonita 3 dan bagian ujung batang menghasilkan kualitas terendah, yaitu kelas 4. Penggunaan kayu berbasis kualitas akan memaksimalkan nilai guna dan meningkatkan umur pakai produk, sehingga mengurangi intensitas penebangan hutan dan lebih ramah lingkungan hidup.
ABSTRACT
Young teak utilization is an alternative solution of limited raw materials faced by furniture industry. Young wood tends to have a low-quality wood. One element for measuring wood quality is wood macroscopic structure properties. This study was aimed to determine the effect of tree age, site quality index and axial stem position on wood structures and wood quality. Thirty-six young teak trees were harvested on forest areas of Kendal Forest District, Central Java Province. Three disks were taken from each trunk, namely from the butt, middle and upper parts. Heartwood proportion and annual ring dimensions were measured based on natural color difference by using millimeter grid apparatus. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis arranged in blocked factorial and further testing were performed by using HSD Duncan. Wood quality was analyzed using determinant method which elaborated based on Z norm curve. Results showed that interaction of three factors did not affect on heart-wood proportion and growth ring dimensions. Interaction of age classes and site quality index influence significantly on heart-wood proportion and growth ring dimensions. Stem axial position significantly affects on heart-wood proportion and very significantly effect on growth ring dimensions. The lower wood position, the higher heart-wood proportion and the wider growth ring dimensions. Interaction of three factors namely class age V, site quality index 4 and middle trunk position has a highest wood quality, namely class 2, but interaction of age class V, site quality index 3 and top trunk has the lowest one, namely class 4. The use of wood-based quality will maximize the value and increase the product lifespan, thereby reducing the intensity of logging and become more environmental friendly.
Keywords
Full Text:
artikel lengkap (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Bath, K.M., dan Indira, E.P., 1997. Effect of Faster Growth on Timber Quality of Teak. Kerala Forest Research Institute. Peechi, Thrissur.
Darwis, A., Hartono, R., dan Hidayat, S.S., 2005. Presentase Kayu Teras dan Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis L.f.). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 3(1):6-8.
Etele, C., dan Magoss, E., 2013. Mechanics of Wood Machining. Second Edition. Springer. Heidelberg.
Gadas, S.R., 2005. Sisi Pasokan Hutan Tanaman. Makalah Lokakarya Restrukturisasi Industri Kehutanan Indonesia. Century Park, 1 Desember 2005. Jakarta.
Githiomi, J.K., dan Dougal E., 2012. Analysis of Heartwood - Sapwood Demarcation Methods and Variation of Sapwood and Heartwood within and Between 15 Year Old Plantation Grown Eucalyptus Regnans. Int. J. Applied Sci. & Technol., 2(8):63-67.
Lukmandaru, G. 2011. Variablity in the Natural Termite Resistence of Plantation Teak Wood and Its Relation With Wood Extractive Contents and Its Color Properties. J. Forestry Res. 8(1):17-31.
Matsumura, J., dan Kawasaki, Y., 2011. Effect of Rotation Age on Wood Quality of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f) Planted in Indonesia, Asia Sustainable Local Resource Management Workshop.
Moore, J.R., Lyon, A.J., Searles, G.J. dan Vihermaa, L.E. 2009. The Effects of Site and Stand Factors on the Tree and Wood Quality of Sitka Spruce Growing in the United Kingdom. Silva Fennica 43(3):383–396.
Prayitno, 2005. Pertumbuhan Pohon dan Kualitas Kayu. Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Seno, A., 2008. Pengembangan Industri Furniture di Indonesia. Makalah workshop Pengembangan Keunggulan Lokal Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Hutan. Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Tan, Y.E., Lim, N., Josue, J., dan Gan, K.S., 2007. Improving Utilization Value Adding of Plantation Timbers from Sustainable Sources in Malaysia. Makalah The IUFRO All Division 5 Meeting. Taipei.
Taylor, A.M., Garner B.L., dan Morrell, J.J., 2012. Heartwood Fornation and Natural Durabiliity, A Review. Wood and Fiber Science Journal 34(4):587-611.
Wanneng, P., 2011. Wood Property Assessment of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) Plantation of Different Ages Grown in Lao PDR. Theses, School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
Warren C.R., dan Adams M.A., 2006. Internal Conductance Does Not Scale with Photosynthetic Capacity: Implications for Carbon Isotope Discrimination and the Economics of Water and Nitrogen Use in Photosynthesis. Plant, Cell Environ. 29:192–201.
Wulffing, W., 1932. Tabel Tegakan untuk Tanaman Jati. Pengumuman Singkat Balai Penelitian Kehutanan No. 63. Terjemahan oleh Hardjosudiro, S.,. Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Zakamouline, V., dan Koekebakker, S., 2008. A Generalization of the Mean-Variance Analysis.
Zobel, B.J., dan Buijtenen, J.P., 1989. Wood Variation: Its Causes and Control. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Article Metrics
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-graph.png)
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-pdf.png)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan