PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN UREA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENCEMARAN NITRIT DAN NITRAT DALAM TANAH (Influence of Addition of Urea to Increased Pollution of Nitrite and Nitrate in The Soil)

Aida Mawaddah; Roto Roto; Adhitasari Suratman

doi:10.22146/jml.22473

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN UREA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENCEMARAN NITRIT DAN NITRAT DALAM TANAH (Influence of Addition of Urea to Increased Pollution of Nitrite and Nitrate in The Soil)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.22473

Aida Mawaddah^(1*), Roto Roto⁽²⁾, Adhitasari Suratman⁽³⁾

(1) Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia.
(2) Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia.
(3) Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Nitrat dan nitrit merupakan sumber nitrogen bagi tanaman. Nitrogen sangat diperlukan tanaman untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Bentuk-bentuk nitrogen di lingkungan mengalami transformasi sebagai bagian dari siklus nitrogen seperti nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi. Apabila kadar nitrogen dalam tanah rendah, maka urea digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen. Perubahan urea menjadi nitrit atau nitrat pada beberapa sampel tanah perlu diketahui. Kadar nitrit dan nitrat yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan pencemaran di dalam tanah. Sampel tanah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanah pasir, tanah sawah, tanah pupuk kompos dan tanah pupuk kandang. Analisis nitrit dan nitrat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi asam p-amino benzoat (PABA) yang dikopling dengan N-naftiletilendiamin (NEDA) dan reduktor spongy cadmium. Sebelum digunakan untuk analisis nitrit dan nitrat, metode divalidasi terlebih dahulu. Hasil validasi metode analisis nitrit dan nitrat dengan pereaksi PABA/NEDA menunjukkan persentase perolehan kembali masing-masing antara 87,15–100,8% untuk nitrit dan 88,16–105,7% untuk nitrat. Setelah ditambah urea sebesar 0,66 g.kg-1 ke dalam tanah, konsentrasi nitrit dan nitrat pada semua sampel tanah mengalami peningkatan. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa peningkatan kadar nitrit dan nitrat setelah ditambahkan urea sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanah.

ABSTRACT

Nitrate and nitrite were sources of nitrogen for plants. Nitrogen is indispensable for the growth and development of plants. The forms of nitrogen in the environment undergoes a transformation as part of the nitrogen cycle like nitrification and denitrification. If nitrogen level in the soil is low, urea is used as a source of nitrogen. Changes of urea into nitrite or nitrate in some of soil samples need to be known. The levels of nitrite and nitrate are high can increase pollution in the soil. Some of soil samples which is used in this research were sandy soil, paddy soil, compost soil and manure soil. Analysis of nitrite and nitrate were conducted by using a reagent p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) / N-napthylethylenediamine (NEDA) and spongy cadmium as reductor. Before being used for the analysis of nitrite and nitrate, this method was validated first. The results of validation of nitrite and nitrate analysis method by using a reagents PABA / NEDA showed the percent recovery were respectively 87.15-100.8% for nitrite and 88.16-105.7% for nitrate. After the addition of 0.66 g.kg-1 urea into the soil, nitrite and nitrate concentration in all soil sample has increased. Based on this research was known that the increased levels of nitrite and nitrate after the addition of urea was influenced by soil condition.

Keywords

nitrit; nitrat; spektrofotometri UV-Vis; urea; tanah; kompos; nitrite; nitrate; UV-Vis spectophotometry; urea; soil; compost

Full Text:

ARTIKEL LENGKAP (PDF)

References

Anonim, 1990. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 416 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air. Jakarta.

Aak, 1993. Teknik Bercocok Tanam Jagung. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Bernhard, A., 2010. The Nitrogen Cycle : Processes, Players and Human Impact. Nature Education Knowledge, 2(2):12.

Crawford, N. M., 1995. Nitrate: Nutrient and Signal for Plant Growth. The Plant Cell., 7:859-868.

Erkekoglu, P., Sipahi H., dan Baydar T., 2009. Evaluation of Nitrite In Ready-Made Soups. Food Anal. Methods, 2:61-65

Fan, J., Hao, M. dan Malhi, S.S., 2010. Accumulation of Nitrate-N in The Soil Profile and Its Implications for The Environment Under Dryland Agriculture in Northern China. Can. J. Soil Sci., 90(3):429–440.

Gadkari, D., 1990. Nitrification in The Presence of Soil Particles, Sand, Alginate Beads and Agar Strands. Soil Biol. Biochem., 22, 17-21.

Manahan, S.E., 2005. Environmental Chemistry (8th Edition). CRC Press LLC, Florida.

Rustadi, 2009. Eutrofikasi Nitrogen dan Fosfor Serta Pengendaliannya dengan Perikanan di Waduk Sermo. J. Manusia dan Lingkungan, 16(3):176-186.

Sholikah, M.H., Suyono, dan Wikandari P.R., 2013. Efektivitas Kandungan Unsur Hara N Pada Pupuk Kandang Hasil Fermentasi Kotoran Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Terung (Solanum Melongena L.). Journal of Chemistry,. 2(1):131.

Sibosiko, C. dan Pandey G.N., 2013. Evaluation of Nitrate and Nitrite Quantities Releasing From The Left Tea Leaves at Kitabi Industry by Compost Method. Life Sci. J., 10(4):2349-2353.

Wahyudi, 2010. Petunjuk Praktis Bertanam Sayuran. Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.

Wantasen, S., Sudarmaji, Sugiharto, E., dan Suprayogi, S., 2012. Dampak Transformasi Nitrogen Terhadap Lingkungan Biotik di Danau Tondano Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. J. Manusia dan Lingkungan, 19(2):143-149.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.22473