Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Safety Assessments of Cengkodok Plant (M. malabathricum): A Narrative Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.111406

Pratiwi Apridamayanti(1), Arief Nurrochmad(2), Rumiyati Rumiyati(3), Abdul Rohman(4*)

(1) Doctoral Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281; Departement of Chemical Pharmacy, Medicine Faculty, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak 78124, West Borneo
(2) Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This review aimed to provide a scientific and rational basis for developing the Melastoma malabathricum plant into an herbal medicine capable of providing effective, safe therapy for long-term use in diseases originating from oxidative stress processes and associated with inflammatory events, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic searches of the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases identified relevant articles. The literature search and screening were conducted on March 2, 2025. Keywords such as (“Melastoma malabathricum”) AND (antioxidant* OR “anti-inflammatory” OR “anti-inflammatory” AND anti-inflammation* OR anti-inflammation) were used to obtain articles published between 2006 and 2024. During the process, only original, English-language studies reporting M. malabathricum anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties were included, while reviews, conference abstracts, preprints, retracted, irrelevant, and duplicate papers were excluded. A total of 39 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subjected to critical evaluation. The results showed that M. malabatricum plant extract demonstrated consistent anti-inflammatory activity. Pathways of mechanisms and safety profiles were reported across in vitro and in vivo assays. In conclusion, this narrative review of the studies provides comprehensive, integrated information from the scientific literature on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and safety activities of M. malabathricum plant extracts. The results offer a strong scientific foundation for the rational development of the plant extracts as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate.


Keywords


antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; M. malabathricum; Narative review; Toxicity studies.

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