Acute Toxicity of Jatropha Curcas L. Latex and Its Histopathological Effects on Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.46303

Fazwishni Siregar(1*), Rini Damayanti(2)

(1) Senior lecturer. Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta
(2) Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), Bogor
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Traditional uses of Jatropha curcas L. latex,among others, are to cure toothache. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of J. curcas latex by oral route and to assess the histopathological effects of J. curcas latex on dental pulp and periapical tissues. For acute toxicity, the latex of 5 g/kg BW was administered intragastrically to the test groups of albino mice and water to the control groups. The assessment was based upon mortality, sign of toxicity, body weight, and histological evaluation of organs. Results showed no mortality in mice up to 5 g/kg body weight, no sign of toxicity, and no tissue alterations macroscopically and histopathologically were observed. There’s no significant difference in body weight between the test and control, both in male and female groups. For testing histopathologic effect on dental pulp, the latex was brought in contact with dental pulp and sealed. The assessment was based on the presence of inflammation and necrosis in dental pulp and periapical tissues, histopathologically. Results showed inflammation and necrosis, which was in direct contact with the latex were observed in a limited area, while underneath was normal pulp. No inflammation or necrosis in periapical tissues was observed in all groups. It caused coagulative necrosis in the pulp which was in direct contact with latex. It can be concluded that J. curcas latex is slightly toxic to mice at a single dose of oral administration. Inflammation and necrosis are observed on dental pulp which is in contact with latex while the tissue underneath is normal. It did not caused inflammation on periapical tissues.


Keywords


traditional medicine; acute toxicity; Jatropha curcas latex; tooth ache; effect on dental pulp and periapical tissues

Full Text:

PDF


References

Agbogidi O.M., Akparobi S.O., Eruotor P.G., 2013, Health and environmental benefits of Jatropha curcas Linn., App Sci Rep., 1(2): 36-39.

Arekemase, M.O., Kayode, R.M.O., Ajiboye, A.F., 2011, Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Jatropha curcas plant against some selected microorganisms. Int. J. Biol., 3(3): 52-59.

Arun K, Anu B, Ruchika G., 2012, A comparative study of antibacterial activity of leaves and latex of Jatropha curcas L., IJPPR; 4 (4): 190-194.

Autian J. 1974, General toxicity and screening tests for dental materials. Int Dent J., 24: 235-250.

Balazs T., 1970, Measurement of acute toxicity, in Paget G.E. (Ed), Methods in Toxicology, pp. 49-81, Blackwell Sci., Publ. Oxford.

de Feo V., 1989, Uso di planti ad azione antiinflammatoria nell’Alto Ucayall, Peru Orientale, Fitoterapia, 62: 481-494.

Dewi F.S, Widurini, Farida, R., Irmaleny. 2012. In vitro cytotoxicity of Jatropha curcas in epithelial and fibroblast cells. J Nat Prod., 5: 214-221.

Goswami N.K, Saharia D., Kar A., 2013. Traditional uses of Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae) as medicine by different communities in Northeast India, Pleione, 7: 66-72.

Heyne K. 1987, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vol II. 1st Ed., pp. 1180-1182, Translated by Litbang Kehutanan, Jakarta.

International Standard Organisation (ISO), 1984. Biological Evaluation of Dental Materials, Technical Report # 7405.

Kone-Bamba, D., Pelissier, Y., Ozoukou, Z.F., and Kouao, D., 1987., Haemostatic activity of fifteen medicinal plants of the traditional medicine of the Ivory Coast, Plant. Med. Phytother, 21: 122-130.

Li C.Y., Devappa R.K., Jian-Xin Liu JX, Lv J.M., Makkar H.P.S., Becker K., 2010., Toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in mice.,Food Chem Toxicol., 48: 620-625.

Lu F.C., 2010, Toksikologi Dasar. Azas, organ sasaran, dan penilaian risiko.Terjemahan. 2nd ed., pp. 85-97, UI Press, Jakarta.

Prasad D.M.R., Izam A., Khan M.M.R., 2012, Jatropha curcas: Plant of medical benefits. J Med Plant Res., 6: 2691-2699.

Simon, M., 1978, Tissue fixation and response after the application of devitalizing pastes containing formaldehyde, J. Brit. Endodont. Soc., 11: 71-76.

Siregar F, Akbar S.M.S., 2000, Cytotoxicity of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) latex on fibroblast by MTT assays. Med J Indones., 9: 253-257.

Siregar, F., 2000, Biological study on the effect of Jatropha curcas latex on tooth and its supporting tissues. Disertation,Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Siregar F.S., Akbar S.M.S., Chairul, 2001, Phytochemical screening and hemolytic activity of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) latex. Proceeding International seminar on natural products chemistry and utilization of natural resources. Depok, pp. 326-332.

Siregar, F., Akbar S.M.S., 2007, Jatropha curcas latex inhibits the release of collagenase by gingival fibroblast, Med. J. Indones., 16(4): 219-223.

Siregar F, Kristiani, 2007, Mutagenicity activity of Jatropha curcas L (Euphorbiaceae) latex, Period Kedokteran Sci., 39: 23-26.

Siregar, F., 2015, Cytotoxicity of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae) latex by agar overlay. Jurnal Kedokteran Yarsi; 23(5): 143-148.

Thomas O.O., 1989, Re-examination of the antimicrobial activities of Xylopia aethiopica, Carica papaya, Osinum gratisimum and Jatropha curcas. Fitoterapia, 60: 147-155.

Watt J.M., Breyer-Brandwick M.G., 1932, The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, p 302, E&S. Livingstone, Edinburg.

Watt J.M., Breyer-Brandwick M.G., 1962, The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, pp. 420-422, E&S. Livingstone, Edinburg.

Weil C.S., 1952, Tables for convenient calculation of median-effective (LD50 or ED50) and instructions in their use, Biometrics, 8: 249-261.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.46303

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2412 | views : 2242

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada