Evaluation of Total Flavonoid, Total Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activity of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm Flower, Fruit, and Leaf
Ulya Safrina(1*), Wardiyah Wardiyah(2), Harpolia Cartika(3)
(1) Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta, Jakarta
(2) Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta, Jakarta
(3) Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta, Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Etlingera elatior (E. elatior) plant has long been used as a kitchen spice and daily food. E. elatior has potential as an antioxidant because it contains polyphenol and flavonoid compounds widely found in the leaves, fruit, and flowers. This study measures the total flavonoid content, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity using the ABTS method. Total phenol content was determined by the Follin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content was determined by the Aluminium Chloride method. The results showed that the total flavonoid content from the highest to the lowest value from E. elatior was fruit extract, leaf extract, and flower extract, respectively. The value of total flavonoid content was 8.38 ± 0.15; 4.86 ± 0.10; and 2.60 ± 0.04 % w/w Catechin Equivalent (CE). The total phenol content from the highest to the lowest value from E. elatior was fruit extract, leaf extract, and flower extract, respectively. The total phenolic content values were 54.48 ± 1.89, 46.20 ± 0.83, and 4.80 ± 0.53 % w/w Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). The highest to lowest antioxidant activity values (IC50) were leaf extract at 58.82 ppm (strong activity), fruit extract at 103.05 ppm (moderate activity), and flower extract at 251.40 (weak activity), respectively.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, A.R., Juwita, J., Ratulangi, S.A.D., Malik, A., 2015. Penetapan Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Metanol Buah dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.SM). Pharm. Sci. Res. 2, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i1.3481
Al-Mansoub, M.A., Asif, M., Revadigar, V., Hammad, M.A., Chear, N.J.-Y., Hamdan, M.R., Majid, A.M.S.A., Asmawi, M.Z., Murugaiyah, V., 2021. Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant attributes of ethanolic extract of resinous sediment from Etlingera elatior (Jack.) inflorescence. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 57. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902020000418954
Arnao, M., 2000. Some methodological problems in the determination of antioxidant activity using chromogen radicals: A practical case. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 11, 419–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(01)00027-9
Aryal, S., Baniya, M.K., Danekhu, K., Kunwar, P., Gurung, R., Koirala, N., 2019. Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants Basel Switz. 8, E96. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040096
Das, K., Gezici, S., 2018. Review article Plant secondary metabolites, their separation, identification and role in human disease prevention. Ann. Phytomedicine Int. J. 7, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2018.7.2.3
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1989. Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid V. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Endang, H., 2019. Analisis Fitokimia. EGC.
Ernilasari, E., Walil, K., Fitmawati, F., Roslim, D.I., Zumaidar, Z., Saudah, S., Rayhannisa, R., 2021. Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 22. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221039
Farida, S., Maruzy, A., 2016. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior): Sebuah Tinjauan Penggunaan Secara Tradisional, Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Farmakologinya. J. Tumbuh. Obat Indones. 9, 19–28. https://doi.org/10.22435/jtoi.v9i1.6389.19-28
Floegel, A., Kim, D.-O., Chung, S.-J., Koo, S.I., Chun, O.K., 2011. Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich US foods. J. Food Compos. Anal. 24, 1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.008
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H.Z.E., Rahmat, A., Ashkani, S., 2015. Secondary metabolites constituents and antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 15, 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0838-6
Giweli, A., Dzamic, A., Sokovic, M., Ristic, M.S., Janackovic, P., Marin, P.D., 2013. The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Salvia fruticosa growing wild in Libya. Arch. Biol. Sci. 65, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1301321G
Handayani, V., Ahmad, A.R., Sudir, M., 2014. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Bunga dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Pharm. Sci. Res. 1, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i2.3321
Harborne, J.B., 2012. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Springer Science & Business Media.
Herni, K., Subarnas, A., Diantini, A., Iskandar, Y., Marliani, L., S.A, N., 2018. Activity-guided Isolation of Antioxidant Phenolic Compound from Etlingera elatior Leaves. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 22, 43–46.
Isyanti, M., Andarwulan, N., Nur Faridah, D., 2019. Karakteristik Fisik dan Fitokimia Buah Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm). War. Ind. Has. Pertan. 36, 96. https://doi.org/10.32765/wartaihp.v36i2.5267
Khorasani Esmaeili, A., Mat Taha, R., Mohajer, S., Banisalam, B., 2015. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Various Solvent Extracts from In Vivo and In Vitro Grown Trifolium pratense L. (Red Clover). BioMed Res. Int. 2015, e643285. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/643285
Lee, K.J., Oh, Y.C., Cho, W.K., Ma, J.Y., 2015. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Determination of One Hundred Kinds of Pure Chemical Compounds Using Offline and Online Screening HPLC Assay. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015, e165457. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/165457
Li, Y., Kong, D., Fu, Y., Sussman, M.R., Wu, H., 2020. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 148, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006
Lingga, L., 2012. The Healing Power of Antioxidant. PT Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta.
Liu, W., Yin, D., Li, N., Hou, X., Wang, D., Li, D., Liu, J., 2016. Influence of Environmental Factors on the Active Substance Production and Antioxidant Activity in Potentilla fruticosa L. and Its Quality Assessment. Sci. Rep. 6, 28591. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28591
Mai, C.W., 2009. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Studies of the Standardised Extracts of Etlingera elatior on Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Malays. J. Chem. MJChem 11, 136–142.
Muflihah, Y.M., Gollavelli, G., Ling, Y.-C., 2021. Correlation Study of Antioxidant Activity with Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in 12 Indonesian Indigenous Herbs. Antioxidants 10, 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101530
Naufalin, R., Rukmini, H., 2011. Potensi Antioksidan Hasil Ekstraksi Tanaman Kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) Selama Penyimpanan.
Ningtyas, R., 2011. Uji antioksidan dan antibakteri ekstrak air daun kecombrang (etlingera elatior) (Jack) R.M.Smith) sebagai pengawet alami terhadap escherichia coli dan staphylococus aureus.
Nisrina Effendi, K., Fauziah, N., Wicaksono, R., Erminawati, Arsil, P., Naufalin, R., 2019. Analysis Of Bioactive Components And Phytochemical Of Powders Stem And Leaves Of Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior). IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 406, 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/406/1/012003
Nuryanti, S., Latifasari, N., Naufalin, R., Wicaksono, R., Erminawati, E., 2021. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenol Extract of Kecombrang Flower, Stem and Leaves with Different Types of Solutions. Molekul 16, 110. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.2.631
Pramiastuti, O., Zen, D.A., Prastiyo, B.A., 2018. Penetapan Kadar Total Fenolik Dan Uji Aktivitasantioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Kecombrang (Etlingera Elatior) Dengan Metode 2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidazil (DPPH). J. Farm. Sains Indones. 1, 42–55.
Roslim, D.I., Umam, A.H., 2021. A phytochemical screening of Bakkala (Etlingera elatior) originated from suakbugis, Aceh, Indonesia and its potential in ethnobotany. Int. J. Herb. Med. 9, 37–42.
Shah, P., Modi, H.A., 2015. Comparative Study of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP Assays for Determination of Antioxidant Activity 3, 7.
Shahid-Ud-Daula, A.F.M., Kuyah, M.A.A., Kamariah, A.S., Lim, L.B.L., Ahmad, N., 2019. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of methanolic extracts of Etlingera fimbriobracteata (Zingiberaceae). South Afr. J. Bot. 121, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.013
Silvia, D., Katharina, K., Hartono, S.A., Anastasia, V., Susanto, Y., 2016. Pengumpulan Data Base Sumber Antioksidan Alami Alternatif Berbasis Pangan Lokal Di Indonesia 18.
Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R.M., 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants using a folin-ciocalteu reagent, in: Methods in Enzymology, Oxidants and Antioxidants Part A. Academic Press, pp. 152–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
Sivanandham, V., 2015. Phytochemical Techniques - A Review. World J. Sci. Res. 1, 80–91.
Ulewicz-Magulska, B., Wesolowski, M., 2019. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Potential of Herbs Used for Medical and Culinary Purposes. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 74, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0699-5
Wardiyah, W., Safrina, U., Prihandiwati, E., Niah, R., 2021. Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Etlingera elatior Leaf Extract and Fractions. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 5, 1439–1444. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i8.19
Wazir, D., Ahmad, S., Muse, R., Mahmood, M., Shukor, Y., 2011. Antioxidant activities of different parts of Gnetum gnemon L. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 20, 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-011-0051-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.72210
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2910 | views : 4596Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada