Morphoanatomy and Screening Metabolites Profile of Pararuellia napifera (Zoll.) Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. (Gempur Batu) at Different Altitudes

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.93742

Sri Lestari(1*), Riska Desi Aryani(2), Adi Amurwanto(3), Dian Palupi(4)

(1) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno 63 Grendeng, Purwokerto Utara, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
(2) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno 63 Grendeng, Purwokerto Utara, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
(3) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno 63 Grendeng, Purwokerto Utara, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
(4) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno 63 Grendeng, Purwokerto Utara, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Pararuellia napifera (Zoll.) Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. (Gempur Batu) is a wild plant that can thrive in tropical areas and is traditionally used to treat nephrolithiasis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the morphological, anatomical, and secondary metabolite profiles of P. napifera that grow at different altitudes. This study was conducted using a purposive sampling survey method in the lowlands (<400 m.a.s.l) and highlands (>800 m.a.s.l) in Banyumas, Central Java. The results show that P. napifera at both altitudes has a shrub habitus with fibrous roots, creeping round stems, alternated simple leaves, verticillaster compound flowers, and oval-shaped fruits (foliculus) with blackish-brown color flattened round seeds. P. napifera in lowland regions exhibit greater morphological characteristics compared to those in highland areas, with an average height of 18.5 cm in contrast to 12.64 cm. The habitus of P. napifera in lowland regions also indicates larger stem diameters and leaf sizes. Anatomical analysis of the roots stems, and leaves of P. napifera from both lowland and highland regions reveals a consistent tissue arrangement, although differences are observed in the structure of the transport tissues. Meanwhile, the result of phytochemical screening shows that the roots and leaves extracts contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins.


Keywords


Anatomy; Flavonoid; Medicinal plant; Morphology; Phytochemistry; Ruellia

Full Text:

PDF


References

Afzal, K., Uzair, M., Chaudhary, B. A., Ahmad, A., Afzal, S., & Saadullah, M. (2015). Genus ruellia: Pharmacological and phytochemical importance in ethnopharmacology. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 72(5), 821–827.

Ahmad, A. R., Elya, B., Mun, A., Elya, B., Mun, A., & Java, D. W. (2017). Antioxidant activity and isolation of xanthine oxidase inhibitor from Ruellia tuberosa L. leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal, 9(5), 607–610.

Beusekom, A. E. Van, Gonz, G., & Rivera, M. M. (2015). Short-Term Precipitation and Temperature Trends along an Elevation Gradient in Northeastern Puerto Rico. Earth Interactions, 19(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-14-0023.1

Center, B. research. (2015). Biopharmaca research center (p. 44). http://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/biofarmaka/2015/BCCS Herbal Plants Collections Temulawak.pdf%0A

Christian, K. (2016). The use of altitude in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol 22 : 569 - Why are there global gradients in species richness? Mountains might hold the answer. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22(April), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006

Ezcurra, C. (2008). Systematics of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) in Southern South America. In Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (Vol. 80, Issue 4, pp. 787–845).

Fangfang Zhou, Cory Matthew, Pengfei Yang, Yafeng Huang, B. N. & Z. N. (2023). Leaf morphology, functional trait and altitude response in perennial vetch (Vicia unijuga A. Braun), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). Planta, 257(75).

Fukui, S., Shigooka, Y. I., Uwagata, T. K., Ondo, M. K., & Asegawa, T. H. (2017). Taking account of water temperature effects on phenology improves the estimation of rice heading dates : Evidence from 758 field observations across Japan. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 73(3), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.D-16-00018

Harborne, J. B. (1984). A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis: Phytochemical Methods. In Chapman and Hall: London. Springer Dordrecht.

Hashim, I. C., Shariff, A. R. M., Bejo, S. K., Muharam, F. M., Ahmad, K., & Hashim, H. (2020). Application of thermal imaging for plant disease detection. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 540(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012052

Jenabiyan, M., Pirdashti, H., & Yaghoubian, Y. (2014). The combined effect of cold and light intensity stress on some morphological and physiological parameters in two soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 5(3), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/5.3.189-197

Montesinos-Navarro, A., Wig, J., Xavier Pico, F., & Tonsor, S. J. (2011). Arabidopsis thaliana populations show clinal variation in a climatic gradient associated with altitude. New Phytologist, 189(1), 282–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03479.x

Nugroho, Y. A. (2016). Pararuellia napifera (Zoll.) Bremek. In Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Prosea. https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Pararuellia_napifera_(PROSEA)

Ping, C., Michaelson, G. J., Stiles, C. A., & González, G. (2013). Soil characteristics, carbon stores, and nutrient distribution in eight forest types along an elevation gradient, eastern Puerto Rico. Ecological Bulletins, 54, 67–86.

Roupioz, L., Jia, L., Nerry, F., & Menenti, M. (2016). Estimation of daily solar radiation budget at kilometer resolution over the Tibetan Plateau by integrating MODIS data products and a DEM. Remote Sensing, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060504

Samy, Mamdouh Nabil; Sugimoto, Sachiko; Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Otsuka, Hideaki; Kamel, M. S. (2015). Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Genus Ruellia. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2(6), 270–279. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.2(6).270-79

Sass, J. E. (2011). Botanical microtechnique. In Botanical microtechnique. Ames, Iowa State College Press. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5706

Tiwari, S. P., Kumar, P., Yadav, D., & Chauhan, D. K. (2013). Comparative morphological, epidermal, and anatomical studies of Pinus roxburghii needles at different altitudes in the North-West Indian Himalayas. Turkish Journal of Botany, 37(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1110-1

Xu, B., Wang, J. niu, & Shi, F. sun. (2020). Impacts of ontogenetic and altitudinal changes on morphological traits and biomass allocation patterns of Fritillaria unibracteata. Journal of Mountain Science, 17(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5630-5

Yuliani, Soemarno, Yanuwiadi, B., & Leksono, A. S. (2015). The relationship between habitat altitude, enviromental factors and morphological characteristics of pluchea indica, ageratum conyzoides and elephantopus scaber. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(3), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2015.143.151



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.93742

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1183 | views : 462

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2025 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada