CO-COMBUSTION EVALUATION OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH AND COAL: A STUDY CASE IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

Erna Lestianingrum; Ranoe Bramantiyo; Maulana Gilar Nugraha

doi:10.22146/ajse.v6i2.78114

CO-COMBUSTION EVALUATION OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH AND COAL: A STUDY CASE IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v6i2.78114

Erna Lestianingrum⁽¹⁾, Ranoe Bramantiyo⁽²⁾, Maulana Gilar Nugraha^(3*)

(1) PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk Unit Palimanan, Jl. Raya Cirebon – Bandung KM20, Cirebon, Indonesia
(2) PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk Unit Palimanan, Jl. Raya Cirebon – Bandung KM20, Cirebon, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

As one of largest producers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, cement industries are committed to applying alternative ways to reduce the GHG emission level. Co-combustion of spent bleaching earth (SBE) and coal in cement industry is evaluated to reduce dependencies on fossil fuels. Such evaluation is conducted at one of cement plants in Indonesia owned by PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk. Palimanan Unit (PT ITP Palimanan Unit). Combustion in rotary kiln and calciner in two plant units (P9 and P10) were analyzed and compared. The comparison was conducted not only between plant units but also in different combustion operations, i.e., with and without SBE utilization as co-combustion agent. Several parameters consisting of temperature and gas compositions, which include CO, PM, SO₂, NO₂, CO₂, and O₂, were analyzed.

The study results show insignificant differences in the kiln temperature, while in the calciner, SBE utilization enhances temperature level by up to 40°C compared to the process without SBE. Based on gas composition measurement, slight discrepancies are observed between the two different combustion conditions, although different trends in average absolute value are obtained. NO₂and PM concentrations are found to be slightly higher in the system without SBE, while an opposite trend is observed in SO₂ emission. The study also discovered that properties of raw coal and SBE influence the emission trend in the combustion system. This work highlights the potential of SBE co-combustion with coal to be applied in a continuous manner since it provides slightly higher energy conversion while maintaining nearly similar emission level. In addition, the utilization of SBE is found to not cause significant disturbance to the rotary kiln and calciner operations.

Keywords

co-combustion; cement; rotary kiln; calciner; spent bleaching earth; PM emission

Full Text:

PDF

References

Benhelal, E., Shamsaei, E., Rashid, M.I., 2021. Challenges against CO2 abatement strategies in cement industry: A review. Journal of Environmental Sciences 104, 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.020

Benhelal, E., Zahedi, G., Hashim, H., 2012. A novel design for green and economical cement manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production 22, 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.019

Chatziaras, N., Psomopoulos, C.S., Themelis, N.J., 2014. Use of alternative fuels in cement industry, in: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Protection and Restoration of the Environment. pp. 521–529.

Dijkstra, A.J., 2020. What to Do with Spent Bleaching Earth? A Review. J Am Oil Chem Soc 97, 565–575. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12358

Eliche-Quesada, D., Corpas-Iglesias, F.A., 2014. Utilisation of spent filtration earth or spent bleaching earth from the oil refinery industry in clay products. Ceramics International 40, 16677–16687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.030

International Energy Agency, 2018. Technology Roadmap - Low-Carbon Transition in the Cement Industry. International Energy Agency.

Nalobile, P., Wachira, J.M., Thiong’o, J.K., Marangu, J.M., 2019. Pyroprocessing and the optimum mix ratio of rice husks, broken bricks and spent bleaching earth to make pozzolanic cement. Heliyon 5, e02443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02443

Nugraha, M.G., Saptoadi, H., Hidayat, M., Andersson, B., Andersson, R., 2021. Particulate Matter Reduction in Residual Biomass Combustion. Energies 14, 3341. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113341

Seng, C.E., Lee, C.G., Liew, K.Y., 2001. Adsorption of chromium(VI) and nickel(II) ions on acid- and heat-activated deoiled spent bleaching clay. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 78, 831–835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-001-0351-7

Suhartini, S., Hidayat, N., Wijaya, S., 2011. Physical properties characterization of fuel briquette made from spent bleaching earth. Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 4209–4214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.07.002

Tetrisyanda, R., Wibawa, G., 2022. Feasibility aspect in utilizing spent bleaching earth waste for briquette, fertilizer and oil recovery. Materials Today: Proceedings S2214785322003601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.327

Usman, M., Cheng, S., Cross, J.S., 2022. Biomass Feedstocks for Liquid Biofuels Production in Hawaii & Tropical Islands: A Review. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 11, 111–132. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.39285

Wu, S.X., Huang, S.S., Tan, C.B., Cai, H., 2012. Application of Spent Bleaching Clay for Producing Environmental Brick. AMM 204–208, 3668–3671. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.3668

Yuan, Z., Shen, Y., Yuan, H., Sui, A., Zhu, N., Lou, Z., 2020. A collaborative approach to in-situ oxysulfides and oxynitrides fixation in flue gas and energy recycling: Co-combustion of spent bleaching earth and coal. Journal of Cleaner Production 258, 120622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120622

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v6i2.78114