Peranan robot sebagai artificial intelligence untuk penanganan autism spectrum disorder: tinjauan sistematis
Luthfi Hanityo(1*), Sri Sutarni(2)
(1) SMF Saraf RSUD Tidar, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
(2) Staf Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta/RSUP Dr Sardjito
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Autism is a serious problem in developmental disorders and an economic burden in life. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in robotics, shows robots play a promising role in developing interventions in autistic children and overcoming disorders related to eye contact, attention, recognition and emotional growth. This systematic review is to determine the role of robots as artificial intelligence for the management of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This systematic review was carried out by searching the literature from January 2000 to July 2020 using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes) reporting guidelines, obtained eight study articles with RCT designs that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding the effect of using AI in the form of robots as interventional therapy for children with ASDs. The article has internal validity in the form of randomized selection of patients for treatment, similar groups at study entry, study groups treated the same, and all study patients recorded and analyzed in randomized groups. However, the whole study didn’t apply the double blind method. The therapeutic effect of each study was measured in different outcomes including repetitive behavior, eye contact, emotional development and estimates of the accuracy of the therapeutic effect were not included in the study. Robot as an AI in ASD therapy is useful in increasing the development of eye contact and emotion as an additional therapy that needs to be accompanied by a human therapist.
ABSTRAK
Autisme menjadi salah satu problematika serius dalam gangguan perkembangan anak. Artificial intelligence (AI), khususnya dalam robotika menunjukkan robot memainkan peran yang menjanjikan untuk membangun intervensi pada anak-anak autis dan mengatasi gangguan terkait kontak mata, perhatian, pengenalan dan penumbuhan emosi. Tinjauan sistematis ini dilakukan dengan penelusuran kepustakaan dari Januari 2000 hingga Juli 2020 menggunakan pedoman pelaporan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), didapatkan delapan artikel studi dengan desain RCT yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mengenai pengaruh penggunaan AI berupa robot sebagai terapi intervensi terhadap anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Keseluruhan artikel memiliki validitas internal berupa pemilihan pasien untuk perawatan dilakukan secara acak, kelompok serupa pada awal penelitian, kelompok penelitian diperlakukan sama, dan semua pasien penelitian dicatat dan dianalisis dalam kelompok diacak. Namun keseluruhan penelitian tidak menerapkan metode double blind. Efek terapi dari setiap penelitian diukur dalam outcome yang berbeda-beda diantaranya perilaku repetitif, kontak mata, perkembangan emosi dan perkiraan ketepatan efek terapi tidak dicantumkan dalam penelitian. Robot sebagai AI dalam terapi ASD bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan perkembangan kontak mata dan emosi sebagai terapi tambahan yang perlu didampingi oleh terapis dalam implementasinya.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v20i1.103661
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