Hipoalbuminemia sebagai prediktor luaran buruk pada pasien Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v20i2.105960

Yossy Catarina Budi Nur Syamsah(1*), Indra Sari Kusuma Harahap(2), Paryono Paryono(3)

(1) SMF Saraf RSUP Soeradji Tirtonegoro, Klaten, Jawa Tengah
(2) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta/RSUP Dr. Sardjito
(3) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta/RSUP Dr. Sardjito
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a neuropathic disease with mortality in 1.9–15% of patients and morbidity in more than 80% of patients who can walk unaided after 6 months. Plasma exchange (PE) is one of the GBS therapies that has clinical efficacy in improving disability and reducing mortality. The variable mortality and morbidity of GBS drives the need for biomarkers as predictors of GBS prognosis. One biomarker of interest is albumin. The autoimmune process of GBS involves an acute systemic inflammatory reaction that causes hypoalbuminemia. PE also causes a significant decrease in albumin levels.

Objective: This study aimed to find association between hypoalbuminemia at admission as a predictor of poor outcome of GBS patients undergoing PE.

Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design. The population of this study were GBS patients with PE therapy at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. The study was conducted by comparing the Medical Research Council (MRC) score at admission with the outcome of the MRC score in patients with normal albumin levels (≥3.5 mg/dl) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 mg/dl).

Results: Of the 83 subjects, 16 subjects were hypoalbuminemia and 67 subjects had normal albumin levels at admission. The results of this study showed that hypoalbuminemia had a significant relationship with poor outcomes (p=0.039). Cut-off value of albumin levels with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) curve were <3.33 with specificity as a predictor of poor outcome was 94%.

Conclusion: This study showed that hypoalbuminemia can be a significant and independent predictor of poor outcome in GBS patients on PE therapy. 

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) merupakan penyakit neuropati dengan mortalitas pada 1,9–15% pasien dan morbiditas lebih dari 80% pasien baru dapat berjalan tanpa bantuan setelah 6 bulan. Plasma exchange (PE) merupakan salah satu terapi GBS yang secara klinis memiliki efikasi dalam memperbaiki disabilitas dan mengurangi kematian. Mortalitas dan morbiditas GBS yang bervariasi mendorong kebutuhan akan biomarker sebagai prediktor prognosis GBS. Salah satu biomarker yang menarik untuk diteliti adalah albumin. Proses autoimun GBS melibatkan reaksi inflamasi sistemik akut yang menyebabkan hipoalbuminemia. Terapi PE juga menimbulkan penurunan kadar albumin secara signifikan.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara hipoalbuminemia saat admisi sebagai prediktor luaran buruk pasien GBS.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pasien GBS dengan terapi PE di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan skor Medical Research Council (MRC) saat admisi dengan luaran skor MRC pada pasien dengan kadar albumin normal (≥3,5 mg/dl) dan hipoalbuminemia (<3,5 mg/dl).

Hasil: Dari 83 subjek, sebanyak 16 subjek hipoalbuminemia dan 67 subyek dengan kadar albumin normal saat admisi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hipoalbuminemia berhubungan signifikan dengan luaran buruk (p=0,039). Berdasarkan nilai cut-off kadar albumin dengan kurva Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) <3,33 spesifisitas prediktor luaran buruk adalah 94%.

Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hipoalbuminemia dapat sebagai prediktor luaran buruk pasien GBS dengan terapi PE secara signifikan dan independen.


Keywords


predictor; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; hypoalbuminemia; Medical Research Council score



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v20i2.105960

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