Clinical and EEG features of patients with ictal EEG pattern

https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i2.58127

Ria Damayanti(1*), Machlusil Husna(2), Akhmad Syahrir(3)

(1) Division of Epilepsy, Neurology Department of the Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
(2) Division of Epilepsy, Neurology Department of the Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
(3) Division of Epilepsy, Neurology Department of the Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Electroencephalography (EEG) provides important information about the diagnosis and management of epilepsy patients. Unfortunately, analysis of EEG pattern for patient with clinical seizure in EEG laboratory remains inadequate. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and EEG features of patient with ictal EEG pattern.

We characterized 1,793 patients with ictal EEG pattern in Saiful Anwar General Hospital during 2013-2015. The EEG records were analyzed by an electroencephalographer. Demographic and clinical data were also collected.

The prevalence of patients with ictal EEG pattern was 1% (19/1793). The means of age were 20,54 ± 15,93 years (male) and 14,25 ± 10,82 years (female). The onset of seizure was most common during the first decade of life. Eighteen patients (95%) had poor seizure control. We found 16 ictal EEG patterns with focal onset (84%) and 3 ictal EEG patterns with generalized onset (16%). From clinical findings, we found 11 patients with focal seizure (58%) and 8 patients with generalized seizure (42%). From patient with clinical generalized seizure, we found 5 EEG patterns with focal onset (62%) and 3 EEG patterns with generalized onset (38%). All of the focal onset in this study were focal to bilateral onset (100%), consist of 9 patients with focal to bilateral seizure (82%), 1 patient with focal aware seizure (9%) and 1 patient with focal impaired awareness seizure (9%).

This study revealed the variability of clinical and electrophysiologic features in patient with ictal EEG pattern. The ictal EEG pattern could be different from the clinical seizure during recording.

  

ABSTRAK

 

Elektroensefalografi (EEG) memberikan informasi penting mengenai diagnosis dan manajemen pasien epilepsi. Akan tetapi, analisis pola EEG pada pasien dengan kejang klinis di laboratorium EEG masih belum memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan karakter klinis dan EEG pasien dengan pola EEG iktal.

Kami menemukan 1.793 pasien dengan pola EEG iktal di Rumah Sakit Umum Saiful Anwar selama 2013-2015. Rekaman EEG dianalisis oleh seorang elektroensefalografer. Data demografi dan klinis juga dikumpulkan.

Prevalensi pasien dengan pola EEG iktal adalah 1% (19/1793). Rerata umur 20,54±15,93 tahun (laki-laki) dan 14,25±10,82 tahun (perempuan). Serangan kejang paling umum terjadi selama dekade pertama kehidupan. Delapan belas pasien (95%) memiliki kontrol kejang yang buruk. Kami menemukan 16 pola EEG iktal dengan awitan fokal (84%) dan 3 pola EEG iktal dengan awitan umum (16%). Berdasarkan temuan klinis, kami menemukan 11 pasien dengan kejang fokal (58%) dan 8 pasien dengan kejang umum (42%). Dari pasien dengan kejang umum klinis, kami menemukan 5 pola EEG dengan onset fokal (62%) dan 3 pola EEG dengan onset umum (38%). Semua awitan fokal dalam penelitian ini adalah awitan fokal yang berkembang menjadi bilateral (100%), terdiri dari 9 pasien dengan kejang fokal yang berkembang menjadi bilateral (82%), 1 pasien dengan kejang sadar fokal (9%), dan 1 pasien kejang fokal dengan gangguan kesadaran (9%).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman gambaran klinis dan elektrofisiologi pada pasien dengan pola EEG iktal. Pola EEG iktal bisa berbeda dari kejang klinis selama perekaman.


Keywords


electroencephalographic seizure; clinical seizure; ictal EEG pattern

Full Text:

PDF


References

1. Litt B, Echauz J. Prediction of epileptic seizures. The Lancet Neurology. 2002;1(1):22-30.
2. Aarabi A, Fazel-Rezai R, Aghakhani Y. EEG seizure prediction: measures and challenges. In: 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2009:pp.1864-1867.
3. Smith SJ. EEG in the diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2005;76(suppl 2):ii2-7.
4. Shafi MM, Westover MB, Cole AJ, Kilbride RD, Hoch DB, Cash SS. Absence of early epileptiform abnormalities predicts lack of seizures on continuous EEG. Neurology. 2012;79(17):1796- 1801.
5. Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014;55(4):475-482.
6. Mine S, Iwasa H, Kasagi Y, Yamaura A. Ictal dipole source analysis based on a realistic scalp–skull–brain head model in localizing the epileptogenic zone. Neuroscience Research. 2005;51(4):453-461.
7. Jan MM, Sadler M, Rahey SR. Electroencephalographic features of temporal lobe epilepsy. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2010;37(4):439-448.
8. Britton JW, Frey LC, Hopp JL, Korb P, Koubeissi MZ, Lievens
et al. Electroencephalography (EEG): an introductory text and atlas of normal and abnormal findings in adults, children, and infants. Chicago: American Epilepsy Society; 2016.
9. Kahane P, Landré E, Minotti L, Francione S, Ryvlin P. The Bancaud and Talairach view on the epileptogenic zone: a working hypothesis. Epileptic Disorders. 2006;8(2):16-26.
10. Schindler K, Leung H, Lehnertz K, Elger CE. How generalised are secondarily “generalised” tonic–clonic seizures?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2007;78(9):993-996.
11. Lüders HO, Noachtar S. Atlas and classification of electroencephalography. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2000.
12. Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):522-530.
13. Gosavi TD, See SJ, Lim SH. Ictal and interictal EEG patterns in patients with nonconvulsive and subtle convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2015;14:263-267.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i2.58127

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 724 | views : 1124

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Berkala NeuroSains

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.