Tingkat keparahan stroke iskemik sebagai faktor risiko late-onset seizure
Diyan Anita Sari(1*), Indarwati Setyaningsih(2), Abdul Gofir(3)
(1) KSM Saraf, RSAU dr. Efram Harsana Lanud Iswahjudi Magetan, Magetan, Jawa Timur
(2) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the most frequent etiology of acute symptomatic seizure and secondary epilepsy among adult population and elderly. Late-onset seizure (LS) prevalence is 3-67% of post stroke individuals. One study which involved young adult post ischemic stroke patients has reported that 55% out of LS grup would subsequently develop recurrent seizure. Several researches reported different conclusions concerning stroke severity relating to LS, and used various methods. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether stroke severity is a risk factor for LS among ischemic stroke patients. This is a single center retrospective study, conducted in Dr Sardjito Hospital from 2007 to 2017. Variables measured in this study were stroke severity measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admision, Barthel index, age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, smoking habit, and lesion site (cortical involvement). This study enrolled 68 subjects, consisting 29 patients in LS group and 39 patients in control group, 64.7% were male, while 35.3% were female. Age median of all subjects was 57 year old. Bivariat analysis suggested NIHSS, Barthel index, age, and cortical involment significantly influence LS occurance in post ischemic stroke subjects, with p values 0.021; 0.013; <0.001; <0.001 respectively. Multivariate analysis found that older age and cortical involvement were the independent risk factors for LS in ischemic stroke patients. In the mean time, stroke severity on admision (NIHSS) was not found to be related significantly to LS among post ischemic stroke population.
ABSTRAK
Penyakit serebrovaskular merupakan penyebab tersering bangkitan akut simtomatik serta epilepsi sekunder pada orang dewasa, serta merupakan faktor risiko utama bangkitan pada populasi lanjut usia. Kejadian late-onset seizure (LS) pascastroke adalah 3-67%. Sebuah penelitian yang melibatkan pasien stroke iskemik dewasa muda melaporkan bahwa 55% pasien dengan LS akan mengalami bangkitan ulang. Sejumlah penelitian terdahulu melaporkan hasil yang berbeda mengenai hubungan tingkat keparahan stroke dengan LS, serta menggunakan alat ukur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat keparahan stroke iskemik merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya late-onset seizure. Penelitian ini merupakan observasi analitik dengan desain kasus kontrol pada pasien stroke iskemik dengan LS di RSUP Dr Sardjito tahun 2007-2017. Alat ukur yang digunakan ada National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) saat pasien masuk unit stroke/bangsal. Variabel lain yang dinilai adalah usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, penyakit jantung, riwayat merokok, lokasi lesi, indeks Barthel. Jumlah total subjek adalah 68. Kelompok kasus sebanyak 29 subjek, sedangkan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 39, di mana 64,7% terdiri atas laki-laki, sementara 35,3% adalah perempuan. Median usia pasien 57 tahun. Dari analisis bivariat, variabel bebas yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian LS pada stroke iskemik adalah NIHSS awal (p =0,021), indeks Barthel (p =0,013), usia (p <0,001), dan lokasi infark di korteks (p <0,001). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, yang ditemukan sebagai faktor risiko independen adalah lokasi infark di korteks (p =0,001) dan usia tua (p =0,008). Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa tingkat keparahan stroke iskemik yang diukur dengan NIHSS saat admisi tidak tidak berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan kejadian LS. Sementara itu, lokasi infark di korteks dan usia tua terbukti sebagai faktor risiko LS pascastroke iskemik.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i2.69197
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