Perfeksionisme pada Penari: Adaptif atau Maladaptif?
Abstract
Tarian merupakan salah satu hasil karya seni yang dilakukan oleh penari yang menguasai teknik-teknik tari tertentu yang dilakukan, baik secara individu maupun kelompok. Penari mendapatkan penilaian subjektif berupa kritikan dan dituntut untuk meningkatkan kualitas penampilan yang menimbulkan kecenderungan perfeksionisme. Perfeksionisme adalah penetapan standar tinggi pada suatu kinerja atau penampilan yang bersifat adaptif (conscientious perfectionism) yang mendorong individu menjadi teratur dan rapi, dan bersifat maladaptif (self-evaluative perfectionism) yang menjadikan individu menilai diri secara negatif dan berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat perfeksionisme pada penari di Aceh terhadap 343 penari yang terdiri dari 219 perempuan dan 124 laki-laki dengan rentang usia 19-39 tahun (M=21,38) yang dipilih dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan Perfectionism Inventory dengan (α) = 0,917. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis deskriptif dan crosstab menunjukkan bahwa perfeksionisme pada 290 (84,5%) penari Aceh berada pada tingkat tinggi, terutama pada kategorisasi jenis tari tradisional, penari perempuan, dan penari berusia dewasa awal. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa self-evaluative perfectionism berada pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan conscientious perfectionism berada pada kategori rendah.
Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/gamajop.52696
References
Agustina, R. (2018). Makna tari ranup lampuan (dengan pemberian uang di dalamnya) bagi masyarakat Banda Aceh (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Institut Seni Indonesia, Yogyakarta.
Bläsing, B., & Schack, T. (2012). Mental representation of spatial movement parameters in dance. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 12(2–3), 111–132. doi: 10.1080/13875868.2011.626095
Burns, D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, November, 34–51.
Chan, D. W. (2010). Healthy and unhealthy perfectionists among academically gifted Chinese students in Hong Kong: Do different classification schemes make a difference? Roeper Review, 32(2), 88–97. doi: 10.1080/02783191003587876
Chua, J. (2014). Dance talent development across the lifespan: A review of current research. Research in Dance Education, 15(1), 23–53. doi: 10.1080/14647893.2013.825749
Conroy, D. E., Poczwardowski, A., & Henschen, K. P. (2001). Evaluative criteria and consequences associated with failure and success for elite athletes and performing artists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(3), 300–322. doi: 10.1080/104132001753144428
Eusanio, J., Thomson, P., Psy, D., Jaque, S. V., & Ph, D. (2014). Perfectionism, shame, and self-concept in dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 18(3), 106–114. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.18.3.106
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468. doi: 10.1007/BF01172967
Gittens, C. Y. (2012). A comparative study: Perfectionism in elite ballet dancers and artistic gymnasts (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
Goodwin, H., Arcelus, J., Geach, N., & Meyer, C. (2014). Perfectionism and eating psychopathology among dancers: The role of high standards and self-criticism. European Eating Disorders Review, 22(5), 346–351. doi: 10.1002/erv.2282
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 456–470. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456
Hill, R. W., Huelsman, T. J., Furr, R. M., Kibler, J., Vicente, B. B., & Kennedy, C. (2004). A New measure of perfectionism: The perfectionism inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(1), 80–91. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8201_13
Jackson, J. (2005). My dance and the ideal body: Looking at ballet practice from the inside out. Research in Dance Education, 6(1–2), 25–40. doi: 10.1080/14617890500373089
Koutedakis, Y., & Jamurtas, A. (2004). The dancer as a performing athlete: Physiological considerations. Sports Medicine, 34(10), 651–661. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434100-00003
Krasnow, D., Mainwaring, L., & Kerr, G. (1999). Injury, stress, and perfectionism in young dancers and gymnasts. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 3(2), 51–58.
Morris, G. (2003). Problems with Ballet: Steps, style and training. Research in Dance Education, 4(1), 17–30. doi: 10.1080/14647890308308
Nordin-Bates, S. M. (2020). Striving for perfection or for creativity: A dancer’s dilemma? Journal of Dance Education, 20(1), 23–34. doi: 10.1080/15290824.2018.1546050
Nordin-Bates, S. M., Cumming, J., Aways, D., & Sharp, L. (2011). Imagining yourself dancing to perfection? Correlates of perfectionism among ballet and contemporary dancers. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(1), 58–76. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.5.1.58
Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (Edisi keempat). Open University Press.
Papalia, D. E., Old, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2011). Human development (Psikologi perkembangan) (A. K. Anwar, Terj.). Kencana.
Rasminsky, A. (2009). Perfectionism 101 - Dance spirit. Diakses melalui https://www.dancespirit.com/perfectionism_101-2326036484.html
Restela, R., & Narawati, T. (2017). Tari Rampoe sebagai cerminan karakteristik masyarakat Aceh. Panggung, 27(2), 187–200. doi: 10.26742/panggung.v27i2.260
Schuler, P. A. (2000). Perfectionism and gifted adolescents. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 11(4), 183–196. doi: 10.4219/jsge-2000-629
Setyantoro, A. S. (2014). Mengenal Didong Gayo - Balai pelestarian nilai budaya Aceh. Diakses melalui https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbaceh/mengenal-didong-gayo/
Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295–319. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2
Stoeber, J., & Stoeber, F. S. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 530–535. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.006
Sunkarapalli, G., & Agarwal, T. (2017). Fear of failure and perfectionism in young adults. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 92–106.
Thomas, J. J., Keel, P. K., & Heatherton, T. F. (2005). Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in ballet students: Examination of environmental and individual risk factors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(3), 263–268. doi: 10.1002/eat.20185
Yatabe, K., Yui, N., Kasuya, S., Fujiya, H.,…. & Musha, H. (2014). Anxiety and Mood among Ballet Dancers: A Pilot Study on Effects of a Medical Approach Involving Periodic Intervention. Annals of Sports Medicine and Research, 1:1002(1), 1–8.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
* Corresponding Author
