Social Capital and Social Capacity in Rural Ecotourism Development

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.55662

Iwan Nugroho(1*), Rita Hanafie(2), Purnawan Dwikora Negara(3), Sudiyono Sudiyono(4), Hefifa Rhesa Yuniar(5)

(1) Agribusiness Department, Widyagama University of Malang, Indonesia
(2) Agribusiness Department, Widyagama University of Malang, Indonesia
(3) LawDepartment, Widyagama University of Malang,Indonesia
(4) Food TechnologyDepartment, Widyagama University of Malang, Indonesia
(5) University Library, Widyagama University of Malang, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The participation of rural people in ecotourism activity remains the question, whether they genuinely carry the vision of conservation or are forced to engage in meeting economic needs only. This question is fundamental for building better participation and management of ecotourism in rural areas. The research aims to discuss social capital and social capacities to empower ecotourism in rural areas. The study was carried out in the villages of Ngadas and Gombengsari using a survey approach, and employing descriptive and path analysis methods. The results show that social capital for managing ecotourism services demonstrated the functioning of institutions, networking capabilities, monitoring, evaluation, and innovation.  Social capacity is related to the regulation of institutional, social, economic, and environmental resources.  Social capacity was found more substantial in Gombengsari than Ngadas village.  The research is expected to strengthen the study of social capital as a stock/sink and its relationship with sustainability.

Keywords


rural development; ecotourism; Bromo; social capital; social capacity

Full Text:

PDF


References

Amornsiriphong, S., Piemyat, S., & Charoenrat, O. (2012). Social capital: Foundation to strengthen the sufficiency economy communities. In Procedia Engineering (Vol. 32, pp. 1147–1151). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.069

Anup, K. C., Rijal, K., & Sapkota, R. P. (2015). Role of ecotourism in environmental conservation and socioeconomic development in Annapurna conservation area, Nepal. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 22(3), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2015.1005721

Baksh, R., Soemarno, S., Hakim, L., & Nugroho, I. (2013). Social Capital in the Development of Ecotourism: A Case Study in Tambaksari Village Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res, 3(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6265283

Bennett, N. J., & Dearden, P. (2014). Why local people do not support conservation: Community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand. Marine Policy, 44, 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.017

DeFilippis, J. (2001). The myth of social capital in community development. Housing Policy Debate, 12(4), 781–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2001.9521429

Desa Ngadas. (2018). RPJM (Middle-term Planning) Desa Ngadas Tahun 2018 – 2024. Malang: Desa Ngadas, Poncokusumo, Malang, INDONESIA.

Fukuyama, F. (2000). Social Capital and Civil Society (Working Papers). Washington, D.C., Amerika: International Monetary Fund (IMF). https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451849585.001

Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/713701144

Ghozali, I. (2006). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS. Semarang, Indonesia: Publisher of Universitas Diponegoro. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JdqJAQAACAAJ

Grootaert, C., Narayan, D., Jones, V. N., & Woolcock, M. (2004). Measuring social capital: An integrated questionnaire. World Bank Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5661-5

Handriana, T., & Ambara, R. (2016). Responsible environmental behavior intention of travelers on ecotourism sites. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 22(2), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.22.2.4

Hernanda, D. W., Mindarti, L. I., & Riyanto, R. (2018). Community Empowerment Based on Good Tourism Governance in the Development of Tourism Destination (Case Study of Kawah Ijen Tourism Buffer Zone “Kampung Kopi” Gombengsari Village, Kalipuro District, Banyuwangi Regency). Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 6(2), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2018.006.02.08

Jeyacheya, J., & Hampton, M. P. (2020). Wishful thinking or wise policy? Theorising tourism-led inclusive growth: Supply chains and host communities. World Development, 131, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104960

Kelurahan Gombengsari. (2018). Profil Kelurahan Gombengsari 2018. Banyuwangi: Kelurahan Gombengsari, Kec. Kalipuro, Kab Banyuwangi.

Kim, M., Xie, Y., & Cirella, G. T. (2019). Sustainable transformative economy: Community-based ecotourism. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(18), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184977

Lopez, J. C. C., & Bhaktikul, K. (2018). Sustainable environment and tourism industry: An institutional policy analysis of northeastern Thailand. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/75198

Masud, M. M., Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., & Azam, M. N. (2017). Community-based ecotourism management for sustainable development of marine protected areas in Malaysia. Ocean and Coastal Management, (136), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.11.023

Mauerhofer, V. (2008). 3-D Sustainability: An approach for priority setting in situation of conflicting interests towards a Sustainable Development. Ecological Economics, 64(3), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.011

Mauerhofer, V. (2013). Social capital, social capacity and social carrying capacity: Perspectives for the social basics within environmental sustainability. Futures, 53, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2013.08.006

Mendoza-Ramos, A., & Zeppel, H. (2009). Indigenous Ecotourism in Preserving and Empowering Mayan Natural and Cultural Values at Palenque , Mexico. In Science and Stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness valuaes: Ninth World Wilderness Congress Symposium (pp. 27–33). USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-64. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p064/rmrs_p064_027_033.pdf

Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. (2012). Handbook of Kelompok Sadar Wisata/Pokdarwis (Rural Tourism Conscious Group). Jakarta: Directorate General of Tourism Destination Development, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, Government of Indonesia. Retrieved from http://kemenpar.go.id/asset_admin/assets/uploads/media/old_all/1_ Pedoman Pokdarwis.pdf

Mursid, S., Suharno, S., & Priatna, W. B. (2018). The Effect of Social Media on the Innovation Performance of the Small-Middle Scaled Enterprises of Agribusiness in Bogor Regency. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.4.1.22

Nugroho, I., & Negara, P. D. (2014). The Role of Leadership and Innovation in Ecotourism Services Activity in Candirejo Village, Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 0079, 1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1087283

Nugroho, I., Negara, P. D., & Yuniar, H. R. (2018). The Planning and The Development of The Ecotourism and Tourism Village In Indonesia: A Policy Review. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 1(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v1i1.532

Nugroho, I., Pramukanto, F. H., Negara, P. D., Purnomowati, W., & Wulandari, W. (2016). Promoting the Rural Development through the Ecotourism Activities in Indonesia. American Journal of Tourism Management, 5(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6265169

Nunkoo, R., Ramkissoon, H., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Public trust in tourism institutions. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1538–1564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.04.004

Purnomo, P., In Oktaviani, A., & Nugroho, I. (2018). The Sacred Site: The Conservation Based on The Local People in Tengger Community And Its Potential as Ecotourism Activities. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 1(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v1i1.517

Purnomowati, W., Nugroho, I., & Negara, P. D. (2012). Entrepreneurship Ability On Ecotourism Services Of Local People in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia . In 11th International Entrepreneurship Forum (11th IEF) Conference Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: From Lifestyles to Innovative Enterprises in Creative and Sustainable Environments, 3-6 September 2012 (pp. 458–473). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.: International Entrepreneurship Forum Conference. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6267980

Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746403001052

Rasid, A., Mustafa, M. Z., Suradin, A., & Hassan, R. (2012). Community Capacity Building for Sustainable Tourism Development : Experience from Miso Walai Homestay. Business and Management Review, 2(5), 10–19. Retrieved from https://nanopdf.com/download/community-capacity-building-for-sustainable-tourism-development_pdf

Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20, 245–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7

Schwaninger, M. (2018). Systemic design for sustainability. Sustainability Science, 13(5), 1225–1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0538-5

Shaffril, M. H. A., Hamzah, A., Yassin, S. M., Samah, B. A., D’Silva, J. L., Tiraieyari, N., & Muhammad, M. (2015). The Coastal Community Perception on the Socio-Economic Impacts of Agro-Tourism Activities in Coastal Villages in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.877048

Sismudjito, Badaruddin, & Lubis, S. (2013). Harmonious Interaction Among Ethnical Communities In Regional Development. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 45(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.7128

Solár, J., Janiga, M., & Markuljaková, K. (2016). The socioeconomic and environmental effects of sustainable development in the Eastern Carpathians, and protecting its environment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(1), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/60177

Sopanah, A., Sudarma, M., Ludigdo, U., & Djamhuri, A. (2013). Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Proses Penganggaran Daerah Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. In The 16th National Accounting Symposium, University of Sam Ratu Langi, Manado, Indonesia, September 25-28, 2013. Menado: IAI, Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (Indonesia Accounting Assoc).

Sunkar, A., Meilani, R., Rahayuningsih, T., & Muntasib, E. K. S. H. (2016). Social Capital: a Basis for Community Participation in Fostering Environmental Education and the Heritage Tourism Development of Cibalay Megalithic Site. Journal of Tourism, 3(2), 120–129. Retrieved from http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot120

Volkmer, G., & Pedrozo, E. Á. (2019). Agroecological farm analysis based on the 3D sustainability model approach. Agroforestry Systems, 93(3), 1001–1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0195-9

Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205

Wood, M. E. (2002). Ecotourism: Principles, Practices and Policies for Sustainability. Paris: UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics. Retrieved from http://www.ucipfg.com/Repositorio/MGTS/MGTS14/MGTSV-13/SEMANA1/Ecotourism_1_EplerWood.pdf

Yolles, M. (2018a). Sustainability development: part 1 – from the cybernetic of cybernetics to the cybernetics of development. International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, 3(3), 238–256. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMABS.2018.093309

Yolles, M. (2018b). Sustainability development: part 2 - exploring the dimensions of sustainability development. International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, 3(3), 257–275. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmabs.2018.10014342

Yusuf, M. (2020). How Far Can Tourism Go? Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.38375



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.55662

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3162 | views : 2445

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Iwan Nugroho, Rita Hanafie, Purnawan Dwikora Negara, Sudiyono Sudiyono, Hefifa Rhesa Yuniar

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)

ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)

Web
Analytics IJG STATISTIC