* Corresponding Author
A Spatial Political-Economic Review on Urban Growth in Java under Economic Liberalization of Dutch Colonialism During the 19th Century
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.60550 Hafid Setiadi(1*), Hadi Sabari Yunus(2), Bambang Purwanto(3)
(1) Department of Geography University of Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Geography, University of Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study understands the rise and fall of cities as a result of colonial worldview and practices. Based on spatial political-economic thinking, this study examines the spatial implications of Dutch colonialism on urban growth in Java during the 19th century. The practice of colonialism at that time took place in a relatively stable regional situation. The analysis of textual data from various literature indicates that the economic liberalization of Dutch colonialism in that time was a continuation of the VOC’s mercantilism but with a stronger intention to control the factors of production. Territorial expansion to fertile areas indeed encouraged the emergence of medium-sized cities in the inland, but on the other hand, degenerated several older cities on the coast. Spatially, the ambitions and practices of colonialism had a limited implication on urban growth. The combination of territorial and capital logic triggered political liquidation which was reflected in the spatial pattern of urban growth. The identity and symbol of colonial power were attached as new elements to the cities. This process revealed a locational decision to channel economic benefits to strategic places for sustaining domination of power for the long-term.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adian, D.G. (2006). Percik Pemikiran Kontemporer: Sebuah Pengantar Komprehensif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Agnew, J (2001). “The New Global Economy: Time-Space Compression, Geopolitics, and Global Uneven Development”. Journal of World-Systems Research, VII (2), p. 133–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2001.167
Althusser, L. (2004). Tentang Ideologi: Marxisme Strukturalis, Psikoanalisis, Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta : Jalasutra
Amavilah, V.H (2011). ”Romer’s Charter Cities v. Colonization, Imperialism, and Colonialism: A General Characterization”. MPRA Paper 29974, University Library of Munich, Germany. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/29974
Ashcroft, B., G. Griffiths, and H. Tiffin (2007). Post Colonial Studies, The Key Concepts. Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
Aschroft, B (2017). ”Transnation and the Postcolonial City”. Australian Humanities Review 62 (2017), p. 46-64. http://australianhumanitiesreview.org/2017/12/04/transnation-and-the-postcolonial-city/
Baruah, N.G., J.V. Henderson, and C. Peng (2017). ”Colonial Legacies: Shaping African Cities”. SERC Discussion Paper 0226. Spatial Economics Research Centre, LSE. https://ideas.repec.org/p/cep/sercdp/0226.html
Beswick, et al. (2015) ” Towards a Spatial Practice of the Postcolonial City”. International Journal of Postcolonial Studies Volume 17 (6), p. 789-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2014.998262.
Bhattacharya, N (2013). ”Leisure, economy and colonial urbanism: Darjeeling, 1835–1930”. Urban History 40 (3), p. 442–461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926813000394
Blussé, L. (2007). “Ratu Diantara Para Raja; Ritual Diplomatik di Batavia”. In Grijns, K & P. J.M. Nas (Eds.). Jakarta Batavia; Esai Sosio-Kultural. p. 27-45. Jakarta: KITLV Press and Banana.
Boomgaard, P. (2004). Anak Jajahan Belanda, Sejarah Sosial dan Ekonomi Jawa 1795 – 1880. Jakarta: Djambatan
Böröcz, J and M. Sakar (2012). ”Colonialism”. In H.K Anheier, M. Jurgensmeyer, and V.Faessel (Eds). Encyclopedia of Global Studies. p. 229-234 Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. SAGE Reference Online. Web. 22 Mar. 2012
Braudel, F. (1979). The Perspective of the World, Civilizations and Capitalism 15-18th Century Vol. 3. Paris: Librarie Armand Colin
Brug, P. (2007). “Batavia Yang Tidak Sehat dan Kemerosotan VOC Abad Kedelapan Belas”. In Grijns, K & P. J.M. Nas (Eds.). Jakarta Batavia; Esai Sosio-Kultural. p. 47-79. Jakarta: KITLV Press and Banana.
Césaire, A. (2000). Discourse on Colonialism. Translated by Joan Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press
Cobban, J.L. (1976). “Geographic Notes on the First Two Centuries of Djakarta”. In Y.M Cheung and C.P Lo (Eds). Changing Southeast Asian Cities: Reading on Urbanization. p. 45-59. London: Oxford University Press.
Colombijn, F. and M. Barwegen (2009), ” Racial Segregation in the (Post) Colonial City: The Case of Indonesia” Urban Geography Vol. 30 (8), p. 838-856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.30.8.838
Cribb, R. (2007). Historical Atlas of Indonesia. Honolulu and Singapore: The University of Hawai‘i Press and New Asian Library
De Bruijne, G.A (1985). “The Colonial City and the Post-Colonial World”. In Ross R.J., Telkamp G.J. (eds). Colonial Cities. Comparative Studies in Overseas History, vol 5, p.231-243. Dordrecht: Springer
Dembele. M (2006) ”Colonial Legacy and Changes of West African Cities - Comparative Studies between Bamako and Segou Cities, Rep. of Mali”. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 5:2, p. 285-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.5.285
Dick, H and P.J. Rimmer (2003). Cities, Transport and Communications: The Integration of Southeast Asia since 1850. London: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd
van Diessen, J.R and F.J. Ormeling (2004). Grote Atlas van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie/Comprehensive Attlas of the Netherlands East Indies. Zierikzee and Utrecht: Asia Maior & KNAG
Dikshit, R.D. (1982). Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Limited Company
Ellisa, E (2010). ”Sustainability of Spatial Context of Historical Core Areas in Indonesian Cities”. The Sustainable City VI: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability. p. 471-482. Southhampton: WIT Press.
Erma, (2014). “Dari de Javasche Bank menjadi Bank Indonesia: Studi Kasus Bank Indonesia Cabang Padang 1953-1970”. Tingkap Vol 10 No 2, p. 130-141.
Evers, H. and R. Korff. (2002). Urbanisasi di Asia Tenggara, Makna dan Kekuasaan dalam Ruang-Ruang Sosial. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia
Fields, G.S (1999). ”City Systems, Urban History, and Economic Modernity: Urbanization and the Transition from Agrarian to Industrial Society”. Berkeley Planning Journal 13, p. 102-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/BP313113032
Fisher, M.H (1984). ”Indirect Rule in the British Empire: The Foundations of the Residency System in India (1764–1858)”. Modern Asian Studies Volume 18 (3), p. 393-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00009033
Flamini, R. (2008). “Ancient Core-Periphery Interaction: Lower Nubia During Middle Kingdom Egypt (C.A. 2050-1640 B.C)”. Journal of World-Systems Research, Volume XIV, Number 1, p. 50-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2008.348
Furnivall, J.S. (2009). Hindia Belanda, Studi tentang Ekonomi Majemuk. Jakarta : Freedom Institute
Geertz, C. (1983). Involusi Pertanian, Proses Perubahan Ekologi di Indonesia. Translated by S. Supomo. Jakarta: Bhratara Karya Akasara.
Gilbert, A. and J. Gugler. (2007). Urbanisasi dan Kemiskinan di Dunia Ketiga. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana
Handinoto, H. (1999). “Perletakan Stasiun Kereta Api Dalam Tata Ruang Kota-Kota di Jawa (Khususnya Jawa Timur) pada Masa Kolonial”. Dimensi, Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol 27 (2), p. 48-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.27.2.
Harvey, D. (2010). Imperialisme Baru. Translated by Eko PD. Rasist Book: Magelang
Henderson, J.V (2003). “The Urbanisation Process and Economic Growth: the So-What Question”, Journal of Economic Growth 8, p. 47-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022860800744
Hoggart, K., L. Lees, and A. Davies (2002). Researching Human Geography. London: Arnold Publisher.
Horvath, R.J (1972). ”A Definition of Colonialism” Current Anthropology Vol. 13 No. 1, p. 45-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/201248
Kadir, H.A (2017). “Komparasi Munculnya Liberalisme Ekonomi di Indonesia dan Burma”. Lembaran Sejarah Volume 13 (2), p. 163-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33541
Keyfitz, N. (1976). “The Ecology of Indonesian Cities” in Y.M Yeung and C.P Lo (eds), Changing South-East Asian Cities: Reading on Urbanization. p. 125- 130. Singapore: Oxford University Press
King, A.D (1990). Urbanism, Colonialism, and the World-economy: Cultural and Spatial Foundations of the World Urban System. London: Routledge
Knight, G.R. (2014). Sugar, Steam, and Steel;The Industrial Project in Colonial Java 1830-1885. Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press
Kohn, M and R. Kavita (2017). "Colonialism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. E.N. Zalta (ed), URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/colonialism/
Kumurur, V.A. and D.M. Tampi (2018). ”The Dutch colonial architecture of buildings in Manado’s Old City: A response to the coastal tropical climate”. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 129 (2018) 012030, p. 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/129/1/012030
Kurniawan, K.R., R.A. Kusumawardhani, E. Ellisa, M.N. Widyarta, T.U. Atmoko (2013). ”Hybridity on Architecture and Urban Spaces in the Colonial Tin Mining Town of Muntok-Bangka”. Makara Seri Sosial Humaniora, 17 (2), p. 75-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v17i2.2953
Loombaa, A (1998). Colonialism/Postcolonialism 2nd Edition. London & New York: Routledge
Lange, M., J. Mahoney, and M. vom Hau (2006). ”Colonialism and Development: A Comparative Analysis of Spanish and British Colonies” American Journal of Sociology Vol. 111 No. 5, p. 1412-1462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/499510
Latham, M.E (2000). Modernization as Ideology. American Social Science and "Nation Building" in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill, NC : The University of North Carolina Press
Lesger, C (2006). The Rise of Amsterdam Market and Information Exchange: Merchants, Commercial Expansion and Change in the Spatial Economy of the Low Countries, c. 1550-1630. Translated by J.C. Grayson. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Lombard, D. (2005a). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Kajian Sejarah Terpadu. Jilid 1. Batas-Batas Pembaratan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama & Forum Jakarta-Paris.
Lombard, D. (2005b). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Kajian Sejarah Terpadu. Jilid 2. Jaringan Asia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama & Forum Jakarta-Paris.
Lombard, D. (2005c). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Kajian Sejarah Terpadu. Jilid 3. Warisan Kerajaan-Kerajaan Konsentris. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama & Forum Jakarta-Paris.
Marihandono, D (2006) Mega Proyek ‘Marsekal Guntur’: Tanggapan atas Buku ‘Jalan Raya Pos, Jalan Raya Deandels’ Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Conference Paper. The 5th Seminar on Oral Tradition, 1-4 December, 2006
McClintok, N (2018). ”Urban Agriculture, Racial Capitalism, and Resistance in the Settler Colonial City”. Geography Compass Vol 6 (13), e12373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12373
Moore, M (2016). ”Justice and Colonialism”. Philosophy Compass 11 (8), p. 447-461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12337
Muhsin, M (2017). “Produksi Kopi di Priangan pada Abad ke-19”. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 27 (2), 2017, p. 182-194. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v27i2.11160
Nas, P.J.M (1986). “The Early Indonesian Town: Rise and Decline of the City-State and its Capital” in P.J.M. Nas (ed), The Indonesian City, Studies in Urban Development and Planning. p. 18-36. Dordrecht-Netherlands and Cinnaminson-USA: Foris Publication.
Nierstrasz, C. (2015). Rivalry for Trade in Tea and Textiles: The English and Dutch East Indies Company (1700-1800). Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
van Niel, R (2003). Sistem Tanam Paksa di Jawa. Jakarta: LP3ES
Njoh, A.J. (2001) ”Development Implications of Colonial Land and Human Settlement Schemes in Cameroon”. Habitat International 26 (3), p. 399–415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(02)00015-2
Njoh, A.J. (2008). ”Colonial Philosophies, Urban Space, and Racial Segregation in British and French Colonial Africa” Journal of Black Studies 38 (4), p. 579-599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934706288447
Oladiti, A.A and A.S. Idowu (2017) ”The Interplay of Town Planning and Colonialism: The Contributions of Albert Thompson to Urban Development in Lagos, 1920–1945”. Social Evolution & History, Vol. 16 No. 2, September 2017, p. 126–142
Ormrod, D (2003). The Rise of Commercial Empires: England and the Netherlands in the Age of Mercantilism, 1650–1770. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press
Parker, S. (2004). Urban Theory and the Urban Experience, Encountering the City. London and New York: Routledge
Poesponegoro, M.D. and N.Notosusanto (1990). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Edisi IV Jilid III. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka
Polanyi, K. (1957). “The Economy as Instituted Process”. In K. Polanyi, C.M. Arensberg and H.W.Pearson (Eds). Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, p. 243-270. New York: The Free Press
Raflles, T.S. (1817). The History of Java. Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press.
Rahardjo, S. (2007). Kemunculan dan Keruntuhan Kota-Kota Pra-Kolonial di Indonesia. Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Indonesia
Reid, A. (1992). Asia Tenggara Dalam Kurun Niaga 1450-1680 : Tanah di Bawah Angin. Translated by Mochtar Pabotinggi. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Ricklefs, M.C. (2001). Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200 – 2004. Jakarta : PT Serambi Ilmu Semesta
Robequain, C. (1944). The Economic Development of French Indo-China. New York: Oxford University Press and The Institute of Pacific Relations.
van Roosmalen, P.K.M (2011). ”Designing colonial cities: the making of modern town planning in the Dutch East Indies and Indonesia 1905-1950”. IIAS the Newsletter No 57 Summer 2011, p. 7-9
Rutz, W. (1987). Cities and Towns in Indonesia. Gebruder-Borntraeger Berlin-Stutgart
Said, E.W (1994). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books
Samidi (2017). ”Surabaya sebagai Kota Kolonial Modern pada Akhir Abad ke-19:Industri, Transportasi, Permukiman, dan Kemajemukan Masyarakat” Mozaik Humaniora Vol 17 (1), p. 157-180. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mozaik.v17i1.6597
Sassen, S. (2002). ”Locating Cities on Global Circuits”. Environment and Urbanization 14 (1), p. 13-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F095624780201400102
Setiadi, H (2015). Proses dan Pola Keruangan Politik Teritorial di Pulau Jawa Abad ke-15 s/d ke-19 dan Implikasinya terhadap Pertumbuhan Kota. Ph.D Thesis. Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Silalahi, S.B. (2006). ”Perkembangan Penggunaan dan Kebijakan Penyediaan Tanah Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan”. In I.W. Rusastra, N. Syaf’at, and K. Kariyasa (Eds) Proceeding Revitalisasi Ketahanan Pangan: Membangun Kemandirian Pangan Berbasis Pedesaan, Jakarta 13 November 2006, p. 63-81
Simbolon, P. (2009). Menjadi Indonesia. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kompas Smith, C.A (1974). “Economics of Marketing Systems: Models from Economic Geography”. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 3 (1974), p. 167-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.03.100174.001123
Smith, L.T. (2005). Dekolonisasi Metodologi. Translated by Nur Cholis. Yogyakarta: Insist Press
Spencer, J.E (1952). Land and People in the Philippines: Geographic Problems in Rural Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press
Sunaryo, R.G., N. Soewarno, Ikaputra, and B. Setiawan (2012), ”Morphological Study of Colonial and Traditional Urban Space in Java : A Comparative Study of Ten Cities”. Proceedings ICIAP 1st Biennale International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning Yogyakarta 9-11 July 2012, p. 65-76
Susanto (2016). ”Nuansa Kota Kolonial Surakarta Awal Abad XX: Fase Hilangnya Identitas Lokal”. Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, Vol.2, No. 1, 2017, p. 4-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v2i1.14604
Taylor, P.J (1992). ”Undestanding Global Inequalities: A World System Approach”. Geography Vol. 77 (1), p. 10-21. www.jstor.org/stable/40572139.
Tohjiwa, A.D., S. Soetomo, J.A. Sjahbana, and E. Purwanto (2009). ” City of Bogor in Age of Change: Colonial City Character Began to Fade”. Conference Paper. 4th International Symposium of Nusantara Urban Research Institute (NURI): Change + Heritage in Architecture + Urban Development. November 7th, 2009, Architecture Department of Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University.
Tutuko, P., N.Bonifacius, D. Yuniawan, M.R. Junianto, and R.J.A.Telnoni (2018). ”Colonial City Pattern in Indonesia Using Depth Calculation: An Introduction to Ratio Study on Master Plans Using DepthMapX”. Proceeding 4th ICIAP: Design and Planning in Disruptive Era, p. 634-641
Vlekke, B.H.M (2008). Nusantara, Sejarah Indonesia. Jakarta: KPG
Wang, S.W.T (1992). British Strategic Interests In The Straits Of Malacca 1786- 1819, MA Thesis, Simon Fraser University
Wertheim, W.F (1956). Indonesian Society in Transition, A Study of Social Change. 2nd Edition. Bandung: Sumur Bandung
Yamin, M (1956). Atlas Sedjarah. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan
Yeoh, S.P and C. Hirschman (1980), ”Urbanization and Urban Growth during Colonial Rule and Independence in Peninsular Malaysia”. Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs Vol 14 No 1 1980, p. 1-22
Ypi, L (2013). ”What's Wrong with Colonialism”. Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Spring 2013), p. 158-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.60550
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2013
| 
views : 862
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Hafid Setiadi, Hadi Sabari Yunus, Bambang Purwanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)