* Corresponding Author
A New Approach of the Tsunami Mitigation Strategies for the City of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.66500 Halis Agussaini(1*), Sirojuzilam Sirojuzilam(2), Rujiman Rujiman(3), Agus Purwoko(4)
(1) Ph.D Student at Doctoral Program of Regional Planning, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No.9, 20155, Medan, Indonesia
(2) Doctoral Program of Regional Planning, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No.9, 20155, Medan, Indonesia
(3) Doctoral Program of Regional Planning, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No.9, 20155, Medan, Indonesia
(4) Doctoral Program of Regional Planning, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No.9, 20155, Medan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Ten years after rehabilitating and reconstructing some coastal areas of Banda Ache struck by the tsunami, and the city is currently repopulated, with most of its open land and community ponds converted into settlements. This rise in population needs to be controlled to minimize damages and casualties, assuming the tsunami hits again. Presently, the Banda Aceh City spatial plan for 2029 does not have a clear concept of tsunami mitigation, specifically in the spatial pattern of coastal areas. Therefore, this research aims to remap the vulnerability level of the Banda Aceh City coastal area from the tsunami hazard and determine alternative strategies based on the tsunami level in achieving safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable spatial planning goals. This starts by analyzing the wave height generated by the earthquake that triggered this natural disaster and mapping the spatial distribution of the area and the tsunami's inundation height. The results showed that the proportionate regions prone to Level-2 tsunami were worse than the 2004 disaster based on the water level markers built in the city. The spatial planning strategies for the coastal area of Banda Aceh City are carried out by determining the level of tsunami-prone and the potential of the area's resources through a new approach of the multi-layer tsunami defence systems by combining sea dike, greenbelt, silvo-fishery, and the elevated road.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Achmad, A., Hasyim, S., Dahlan, B., & Aulia, D. N. (2015). Modeling of Urban Growth in Tsunami-prone City Using Logistic Regression: Analysis of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Applied Geography, 62, 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.05.001
Akbar, A., & Ma’rif, S. (2014). Arah Perkembangan Kawasan Perumahan Pasca Bencana Tsunami di Kota Banda Aceh. Teknik Perencanaan Wilayah Kota, 3(2), 274–284.
Bappenas (National Development Planning Agency. (2005). Damage Assessment and Recovery Strategy for Aceh and North Sumatra. Minister of State for National Development Planning, Jakarta.
Berryman, K. (2006). Review of Tsunami Hazard and Risk in New Zealand. Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management. Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management.
Bhattacharya, Y., Kato, T., Yamaguchi, Y., & Kamada, R. (2017). Tsunami Resilience Planning of Izu City. 4th Asian Conference on Urban Disaster Reduction.
BNPB. (2012). Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 02 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. BPB Kota Bnada Aceh.
BPS Banda Aceh. (2006). Kota Banda Aceh Dalam Angka 2006. http://bandaacehkota.bps.go.id
BPS Banda Aceh. (2019). Kota Banda Aceh dalam Angka 2019. http://bandaacehkota.bps.go.id
Bunya, S., Dietrich, J. C., Westerink, J. J., Ebersole, B. A., Smith, J. M., Atkinson, J. H., Jensen, R., Resio, D. T., Luettich, R. A., Dawson, C., Cardone, V. J., Cox, A. T., Powell, M. D., Westerink, H. J., & Roberts, H. J. (2010). A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation. Monthly Weather Review, 138(2), 345–377. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2906.1
Edyanto, C. H. (2019). Sistem Pertahanan Kombinasi Untuk Melindungi Kota Pantai Dari Bahaya Tsunami. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.29122/jsti.v17i2.3426
Esteban, M., Thao, N. ., Takagi, H., Tsimopoulou, V., Mikami, T., Yun, N., & Suppasri, A. (2015). The Emergence of Global Tsunami Awareness: Analysis of Disaster Preparedness in Chile, Indonesia, Japan, and Vietnam: Handbook of Coastal Disaster Mitigation for Engineers and Planners (Esteban, M). Elsevier Inc.
Fuady, M. (2015). Disaster Mitigation Approach of Urban Green Structure Concept in Coastal Settlement. Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, 42(2), 51–58.
Hairumini, D., Setyowati, & Sanjoto, T. (2017). Kearifan Lokal Rumah Tradisional Aceh sebagai Warisan Budaya untuk Mitigasi Bencana Gempa dan Tsunami. Journal of Educational Social Studies, 6(1), 37–44.
Hasyim, S., Achmad, A., Badaruddin, & Aulia, D. (2014). Upaya untuk Meningkatkan Manfaat Sosial-Ekonomi dan Mitigasi di Kawasan Pesisir Pascatsunami melalui Peninjauan Kembali Penggunaan Lahan. In: Tantangan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dan Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Hidup.
Iemura, H., Pradono, M., Husen, A., Jauhari, T., & Sugimoto, M. (2008). Information Dissemination for Reality-Based Tsunami Disaster Education. 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Indonesian Government. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor: 06/Prt/M/2009 tentang Pedoman Perencanaan Umum Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Kawasan Rawan Tsunami.
Jokowinarno. (2011). Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami Di Wilayah Pesisir Lampung. Jurnal Rekayasa, 15(1).
Kaiser, G., Scheele, L., Kortenhaus, A., Løvholt, F., Römer, H., & Leschka, S. (2011). The Influence of Land Cover Roughness on The Results of High Resolution Tsunami Inundation Modeling. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(9), 2521–2540. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2521-2011
Kalyanapu, A., Burian, S., & McPherson, T. (2009). Effect of Land Use-Based Surface Roughness on Hydrologic Model Output. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, 9(2), 51–71.
Kobayashi, T., Onoda, Y., Hirano, K., & Ubaura, M. (2015). Practical Efforts for Post-Disaster Reconstruction in the City of Ishinomaki, Miyagi. Journal of Disaster Research, 11(2), 1–8.
Koshimura, S., & Shuto, N. (2015). Response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami disaster. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373(2053), 20140373. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0373
Kurniawan, Y., & Wijaya, H. (2013). Kerentanan Kota Banda Aceh Terhadap Bencana Tsunami Tahun 2013. Jurnal Teknik PWK, 2(3), 707–716.
Lampela, K. (2021). Tsunami Wave Breaks Like the Flow of The Dam Wall Break on The Shallow Shore. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344941656
Linham, M. ., & Nicholls, R. . (2010). Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Erosion and Flooding. UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Roskilde, Denmark. http://tech-action.org/
Liu, Z., Merwade, V., & Jafarzadegan, K. (2019). Investigating the Role of Model Structure and Surface Roughness in Generating Flood Inundation Extents using One- and Two-Dimensional Hydraulic models. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 12(1), e12347. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12347
McCaughey, J. W., Daly, P., Mundir, I., Mahdi, S., & Patt, A. (2018). Socio-economic Consequences of Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Hazard-exposed Areas. Nature Sustainability, 1(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-017-0002-z
Muhari, A., Muck, M., Diposaptono, S., & Spahn, H. (2012). Tsunami Mitigation Planning in Pacitan, Indonesia: A Review of Existing Efforts and Ways Ahead. Journal of Tsunami Society International, 31(4), 244–267.
Natawidjaja, D. H. (2015). Siklus Mega-Tsunami di Wilayah Aceh-Andaman dalam Konteks Sejarah. Jurnal RISET Geologi Dan Pertambangan, 25(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2015.v25.107
Nikoo, M. R., Varjavand, I., Kerachian, R., Pirooz, M. D., & Karimi, A. (2014). Multi-objective Optimum Design of Double-layer Perforated-wall Breakwaters: Application of NSGA-II and Bargaining Models. Applied Ocean Research, 47, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.12.001
Pakoksung, K., Suppasri, A., & Imamura, F. (2018). Systematic Evaluation of Different Infrastructure Systems for Tsunami Defense in Sendai City. Geosciences, 8(5), 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050173
Pangarevo, Y. (2017). Model Wanamina (Silvofishery) Sebagai Optimalisasi Pasca Rehabilitasi Kawasan Mangrove di Pesisir Dusun Benteng Kabupaten Mempawah. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v5i1.18395
Pratomo, R., & Rusiarto, I. (2013). Permodelan Tsunami dan Implikasinya Terhadap Mitigasi Bencana di Kota Palu. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 9(2), 174–182.
Purbani, D., Boer, M. ., Marimin, Nurjaya, I. ., & Yulianda, F. (2013). Kemampuan Ekosistem Mangrove Dalam Mereduksi Tsunami di Teluk Loh Pria Laot Pulau Weh. Jurnal Segara, 9, 95–106.
Risi, D. R., Goda, K., Yasuda, T., & Mori, N. (2017). Is Flow Velocity Important in Tsunami Empirical Fragility Modeling? Earth-Science Reviews, 166, 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.015
S. Hidayatullah, S. (2015). Pemodelan Tingkat Risiko Bencana Tsunami pada Permukiman di Kota Bengkulu Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Jurnal Permukiman, 10(2), 92–105.
Sato, S. (2015). Characteristics of The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami and Introduction of Two Level Tsunamis for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 91(6), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.91.262
Shibayama, T., Esteban, M., Nistor, I., Takagi, H., Thao, N. D., Matsumaru, R., Mikami, T., Aranguiz, R., Jayaratne, R., & Ohira, K. (2013). Classification of Tsunami and Evacuation Areas. Natural Hazards, 67(2), 365–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0567-4
Shilman, I. . (2012). Kajian Penerapan Silvofishery untuk Rehabilitasi Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Dabong Kecamatan Kubu Kabupaten Kubu Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Suppasari, I. (2012). Damage due to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami and Its Lessons for Future Mitigation. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.
Suppasri, A., Latcharote, P., Bricker, J. D., Leelawat, N., Hayashi, A., Yamashita, K., Makinoshima, F., Roeber, V., & Imamura, F. (2016). Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years. Coastal Engineering Journal, 58(4), 1640011-1-1640011–1640030. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563416400118
Susanto, A. (2014). Aceh Rentan Terdampak Tsunami. Kompas. http://id.infografik.print.kompas.com/tsunami aceh/aceh-rentan-terdampak-tsunami-lagi.php
Syamsidik, Tursina, Suppasri, A., Lutfi, M., & Comfort, L. K. (2019). Assessing The Tsunami Mitigation Effectiveness of The Planned Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR), Indonesia. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(1), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-299-2019
Tanaka, N. (2009). Vegetation Bioshields for Tsunami Mitigation: Review of Effectiveness, Limitations, Construction, and Sustainable Management. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 5(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-008-0058-z
Tanaka, N. (2012). Effectiveness and Limitations of Coastal Forest in Large Tsunami: Conditions of Japanese Pine Trees on Coastal Sand Dunes in Tsunami Caused by Great East Japan Earthquake. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 68(4), II_7-II_15. https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.68.II_7
Tanaka, S., Istiyanto, D., & Kuribayashi, D. (2010). Planning and Design of Tsunami-mitigative Coastal Vegetation Belts. International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under The Auspices of UNESCO (ICHARM).
Tejakusuma, I. . (2005). Analisis Pascabencana Tsunami Aceh. Jurnal Alami, 10(2).
Uitto, J. I., & Shaw, R. (2016). Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction: Introduction. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55078-5_1
Yanagisawa, H., Koshimura, S., Miyagi, T., & Imamura, F. (2010). Tsunami Damage Reduction Performance of a Mangrove Forest in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Inferred from Field Data and a Numerical Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(C6), C06032. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005587
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.66500
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 5229
| 
views : 3711
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Halis Agussaini, Sirojuzilam Sirojuzilam, Rujiman Rujiman, Agus Purwoko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accredited Journal, Based on Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia Number 225/E/KPT/2022, Vol 54 No 1 the Year 2022 - Vol 58 No 2 the Year 2026 (accreditation certificate download)
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)