Pemberian diet modifikasi komersial dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan makanan dan status gizi pasien penyakit ginjal kronik prehemodialisis di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang

Pitri Balgis; Probosuseno Probosuseno; Herni Astuti

doi:10.22146/ijcn.17552

Pemberian diet modifikasi komersial dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan makanan dan status gizi pasien penyakit ginjal kronik prehemodialisis di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17552

Pitri Balgis^(1*), Probosuseno Probosuseno⁽²⁾, Herni Astuti⁽³⁾

(1) RSD Raden Mattaher Jambi
(2) Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. Sardjito
(3) Instalasi Gizi RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease causes progressive deterioration of kidney function and is commonly irreversible, leading to nausea and vomiting as a consequence of high ureum and creatinine in the blood. This condition results in declining appetite which greatly affects food intake and degrading nutritional status that causes high mortality among chronic kidney patients. Therefore efforts are made on how to increase intake of chronic kidney patients.

Objective: To identify the effect of nutrition therapy through commercial diet modification to nutrition intake and status of pre-hemodialysis chronic kidney patients at DR. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang.

Method: The study was a quasi experiment which used pre-test and post-test with control group design. Population of the study were all patients of pre-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease hospitalized at DR. M. Djamil Hospital of Padang. Samples were patients of pre-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease at internal medicine ward. The experiment group consisted of 11 patients who got modified diet within 6 days and control group consisted of 11 patients who got hospital standard diet with α = 0.05 and ß = 10%. The study were collected from January-March 2008. Data of intake were analyzed using Nutri Survey program. Statistical t-test and chi-square were used to identify the effect of commercial modified diet to food intake, nutritional status, and increase of ureum and creatinine. Absorption level was measured from the quantity of commercial nutrition used. Perception of the patients about commercial diet was obtained through questionnaires and analyzed to get the score.

Results: The group with modified diet had better energy and protein intake than the group with hospital standard diet (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in nutritional status, ureum and creatinine changes between patients who got modified diet and those who got hospital standard diet (p < 0.05). The result of analysis on perception of patients about commercial diet showed that patients could accept commercial diet.

Conclusion: Commercial modified diet could increase intake of energy and protein of pre-hemodialysis chronic kidney patients.

Keywords

commercial modified diet; chronic kidney disease; pre-hemodialysis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Suwitra K. Penyakit Ginjal Kronik. In: Sudoyo AD et al, editors. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: FK UI; 2006. p. 581.

Djarwoto B, Sja’bani M. Nutrisi pada Gagal Ginjal. In: Asdie AH, editor. Naskah Lengkap Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UGM. Yogyakarta: Medika FK UGM; 2000. p. 118.

Klahr S. Effect Malnutrition and Change in Protein Intake on Renal Disease. In: Kopple JD, Massry SG, editors. Nutritional Management of Renal Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p.219

Krenitsky J. Nutrition in Renal Failure: Myths and Management. In: Parrish CR, editors. Nutrition Issue In Gastroenterology. Series 20. Practical Gastroenter- ology [serial online]. September 2004 [cited 2007 Jun 5]. Available from: http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/digestive-health/nutritionarticles/ KrenitskyArticle.pdf.

Kresnawan T. Penatalaksanaan Diet pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik. In: AsDI, editor. Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional (PIN) II. Bandung: AsDI Cabang Jawa Barat; 2005. p.193.

Prakorso MI. Pelayanan Gizi pada Gagal Ginjal Kronik. In: Sidabutar RP, Suhardjono, editors. Gizi pada Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia; 1992. p. 22.

Taigo G, Aparicio M, Attman PO, et al. Expert Working Group Report on Nutrition in Adult Patients with Renal Insufficiency (Part 1 of 2). Consensus Report. Italy: Universitas di Trieste; 2000. p.197-207.

ESPEN. Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition. Adult Renal Failure [serial online] 2007 Jan-Mar [cited 2007 Jun 5]. Available from: www.espen.org.

Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Gizi Klinik Indonesia (PDGKI). Pedoman Praktis Pemilihan Formula Nutrisi Enteral. Jakarta: PDGKI; 2008.

Toigo G, Aparicio M, Attman PO, Cano N, Cianciaruso B, Engel B, et al. Expert Working Group Report on Nutrition in Adult Patients with Renal Insufficiency (Consensus Report Part 1 of 2). Clin Nutr 2000;19:197-207.

Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Jakarta: Bina Rupa Aksara; 1995.

Lemeshow S, Hosmer D, Klar J. 1990. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. (Terjemahan) Pramono D. Yogyakarta: UGM Press; 1997. h. 49-52.

Almatsier S. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia; 2003.

Mandayam S, Mitch WE. Dietary Factors in The Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Schrier RW, editor. Disease of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.

Kossi ME, Nahas ME. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease: Natural History, Risk Factor, and Management. In: Feehally J Floege, J Johnson R, editors. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. London: Mosby; 2000.

Sunaryo A. Pengaruh Diet Rendah Protein Modifikasi terhadap Keseimbangan Nitrogen pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Predialisis di RSU Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten [tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2000.

Caravaca F, Arrobas M, Pizarro JL, Casado ES. Uremic Symptoms, Nutritional Status, and Renal Function in PreDialysis End-Stage Renal Failure Patiens. Spain: Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina Cristina Spain; 2001. p. 776-8.

Linholm B, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Bergstrom J. Uremix Toxicity. In: Kopple J, Massry SG, editors. Nutritional Management of Renal Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 67.

Djarwoto B. Anatomi-Fisiologi Ginjal Pengertian, Klasifikasi & Etiologi Penyakit Ginjal Kronik. In: Minat Utama Gizi dan Kesehatan UGM. Materi Short Course Manajemen Gizi Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK). Yogyakarta: Minat Utama Gizi dan Kesehatan UGM FK- UGM; 2007.

Kopple JD. Nutritional Management of Nondialyzed Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. In: Kopple J, Massry SG, editors. Nutritional Management of Renal Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 388-9.

Triyani. Penatalaksanaan Diet Mutakhir pada Penyakit Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih. In: Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pelatihan Pengelola Gizi Rumah Sakit Di Bidang Dietetik dan Kuliner di BLKM Departemen Kesehatan RI. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 1992.

Sidabutar RP. Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia; 1992.

Gibson R. Principle of Nutritional Assessment. Sec- ond Edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 407

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17552