Status gizi, densitas zat gizi, dan keragaman pangan anak balita selama pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupatan Bangli, Bali

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.71861

Kadek Tresna Adhi(1*), Ni Putu Widarini(2), Ni Luh Putu Suariyani(3), Iwan Abdi Suandana(4), Pande Putu Januraga(5)

(1) Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Kedokteran Pencegahan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali
(2) Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Kedokteran Pencegahan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali
(3) Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Kedokteran Pencegahan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali
(4) Program Studi Promosi Kesehatan, Jurusan Kesehatan, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jawa Timur
(5) Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Kedokteran Pencegahan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Nutritional status, nutrient density, and dietary diversity of children under five during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangli Regency, Bali

Background: Stunting in children caused the lack of nutritionally balanced food intake in the first two years of life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the fulfillment of balanced nutrition for children must still be considered to maintain body resistance to avoid COVID-19 infection.

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the nutritional status of children and also the knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding the practice of balanced nutrition based on local food in the COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 202 children aged 23-59 months located in Susut District, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. Data collection includes anthropometric measurements and food recall. Characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of mothers were conducted by interview using a questionnaire.

Results: The nutritional status of subjects showed that the average weight for height z-score (WHZ) was 0.29 ± 1.37, height for age z-score (HAZ) was 0.56 ± 2.38, and weight for age z-score (WAZ) which is -1.18 ± 2.03. The average density of energy intake in the adequate (1.66±0.456), as well as protein density (4.12±0.884 g/100 calories), vitamin B12 (0.225±0.457 mg/100 kcal), and vitamin A (71.7 ±104.6 mg/100 kcal). The majority (61.9%) of subjects consumed less than five food groups in the last 24 hours. The average knowledge of respondents is 69.5±15.3, which is 35.1% in well nutrition knowledge, while most respondent’s attitude has in the good category.

Conclusions: Overall children are in normal nutritional status, but it is necessary to attention to the density of vitamins and minerals which are still low, and the lack of food diversity. Suggestion to increase education on balanced nutrition practices based on local food to mothers and families so that they can help grow and also maintain children's health during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Keywords


children under five; dietary diversity; nutrient density; nutritional status

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Head JR., Chanthavilay P, Catton H, Vongsitthi A, Khamphouxay K, Simphaly N. Changes in household food security, access to health services, and income in northern Lao PDR during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e055935. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055935
  2. Salm L, Verstraeten R, Nisbett N, Booth A. Exploring the drivers of malnutrition in West Africa from health and social science perspectives: a comparative methodological review. Methodological Innovations. 2021;14(3). doi: 10.1177/20597991211051445
  3. World Food Programme. COVID-19: potential impact on the world’ s poorest people. [series online] 2020 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://www.wfp.org/publications/covid-19-potential-impact-worlds-poorest-people
  4. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Rencana pembangunan jangka menengah nasional 2020-2024. [series online] 2020 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/rpjmn/Narasi RPJMN IV 2020-2024_Revisi 28 Juni 2019.pdf
  5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Provinsi Bali Riskesdas 2018. [series online] 2018 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/lpb/article/view/3751
  6. Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2013. [series online] 2013 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/laporan-riset-kesehatan-dasar-riskesdas
  7. Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan nasional riset kesehatan dasar 2018. [series online] 2018 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/laporan-riset-kesehatan-dasar-riskesdas
  8. Kementerian Kesehatan RI BP dan PK. Laporan akhir penelitian status gizi balita tahun 2019. [series online] 2019 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://cegahstunting.id/unduhan/publikasi-data/
  9. Swandari O, Handayani K, Mukarromah SB. Karakteristik ibu dalam pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) dini terhadap status gizi balita usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Umbulharjo I Kota Yogyakarta tahun 2017. Public Health Perspective Journal. 2017;2(3):191–201.
  10. Drewnowski A. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):721–32. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.4.721
  11. Steyn NP, Nel JH, Nantel G, Kennedy G, Labadarios D. Food variety and dietary diversity scores in children: are they good indicators of dietary adequacy?. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(5):644-50. doi: 10.1079/phn2005912
  12. Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI. Buku saku hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia tahun 2021. [series online] 2021 [cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: URL: https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021
  13. Dewey KG. The challenge of meeting nutrient needs of infants and young children during the period of complementary feeding: an evolutionary perspective. J Nutr. 2013;143(12):2050–4. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.182527
  14. Stavridou A, Kapsali E, Panagouli E, Thirios A, Polychronis K, Tsitsika A, et al. Obesity in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic. Children. 2021;8(2):135. doi: 10.3390/children8020135
  15. Arimond M, Ruel MT. Dietary diversity is associated with child nutritional status: evidence from 11 demographic and health surveys. J Nutr. 2004;134(10):2579-85. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2579
  16. Faber M, Laubscher R, Berti C. Poor dietary diversity and low nutrient density of the complementary diet for 6‐to 24‐month‐old children in urban and rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12(3):528-45. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12146
  17. Moursi MM, Arimond M, Dewey KG, Treche S, Ruel MT, Delpeuch F. Dietary diversity is a good predictor of the micronutrient density of the diet of 6-to 23-month-old children in Madagascar. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2448-53. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.093971
  18. Mehraban N, Ickowitz A. Dietary diversity of rural Indonesian households declines over time with agricultural production diversity even as incomes rise. Global Food Security. 2021;28. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100502
  19. Heidari‐Beni M, Riahi R, Massoudi S, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association between dietary diversity score and anthropometric indices among children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey in the CASPIAN‐IV study. J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(12):5075-81. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11152
  20. Pakravan-Charvadeh MR, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Gholamrezai S, Vatanparast H, Flora C, Nabavi-Pelesaraei A. The short-term effects of COVID-19 outbreak on dietary diversity and food security status of Iranian households (a case study in Tehran province). J Clean Prod. 2021;281:124537. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124537
  21. Kundu S, Al Banna MH, Sayeed A, Sultana MS, Brazendale K, Khan MSI, et al. Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(5):1079-87. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005042
  22. Cordero-Ahiman OV, Vanegas JL, Franco-Crespo C, Beltrán-Romero P, Quinde-Lituma ME. Factors that determine the dietary diversity score in rural households: the case of the Paute River Basin of Azuay Province, Ecuador. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):2059. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042059
  23. Thakur S, Mathur P. Nutrition knowledge and its relation with dietary behaviour in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2021. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0192
  24. Riyadi H, Martianto D, Hastuti D, Damayanthi E, Murtilaksono K. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi anak balita di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2011;6(1):66-73. doi: 10.25182/jgp.2011.6.1.66-73
  25. Rosnah, Kristiani, Pamungkasiwi EP. Faktor pada perilaku Ibu dalam pemberian MPASI anak 6–24 bulan di Puskesmas Perumnas, Kendari. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia. 2013. 1(1):51-7. doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2013.1(1).51-57
  26. Agho KE, Dibley MJ, Odiase JI, Ogbonmwan SM. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11:2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-11-2
  27. Lestiarini S, Sulistyorini Y. Perilaku ibu pada pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) di Kelurahan Pegirian. J PROMKES. 2020;8(1):1. doi : 10.20473/jpk.V8.I1.2020.1-11



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.71861

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2535 | views : 4860

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats