PERKEMBANGAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO PER KAPITA 30 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1993-2003: PENDEKATAN DISPARITAS REGIONAL DAN KONVERGENSI
Diah Prasasti(1*)
(1) Alumni Fakultas Ekonomi UGM
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This research is aimed to identify regional disparity of per capita GRDP at 1993 constant price of 30 provinces in Indonesia over the period 1993-2003. It attempts to address one fundamental question: to what extent is the economic performance of these provinces converging or diverging? It used secondary and establishment data BPS (Indonesia’s Bureau Statistic). The methods of analysis are Williamson Index, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression using panel data, and convergence analysis. The research showed that the regional disparity using Williamson Index tend to decrease towards the equalization. OLS regression analysis showed that key factors that affect significantly increasing speed of convergence the growth of per capita GRDP are initial income, human capital characteristic, dummy resources, and dummy crisis. Convergence analysis indicated that Indonesia should growth at least 4.5 percent per year for its convergence growth. This result is consistent with Williamson index which shows that the dispersion of per capita GRDP reduced over time. This research has a same conclusion with Lall & Yilmaz (2000), about catching-up hypothesis, in which “poor” provinces, as measured by low per capita GRDP, displayed faster growth rates in per capita GRDP than “rich” provinces with higher per capita GRDP.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arifin, Zainal, dan Mudrajad Kuncoro. 2002. “Konsentrasi Spasial dan Dinamika Pertumbuhan Industri dan Manufaktur di Jawa Timur,” Empirika 11 (1). Arsyad, Lincolin. 1999. Ekonomi Pembangunan. Edisi Keempat. STIE YKPN, Yogyakarta. Badan Pusat Statistik. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Atas Dasar Harga Konstan 1993 Menurut Lapangan Usaha tahun 1993-2003, berbagai edisi. Badan Pusat Statistik. Persentase Penduduk Berumur 10 Tahun Ke Atas Menurut Provinsi dan Ijazah/STTB Tertinggi Yang Dimiliki tahun 1993-2003, berbagai edisi. Badan Pusat Statistik. Persentase Penduduk Berumur 10 Tahun Ke Atas Menurut Provinsi dan Jenis Kegiatan Selama Seminggu Yang Lalu tahun 1993-2003, berbagai edisi. Baltagi, B. 2002. Econometrics Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Barro, Robert J., dan Sala-i-Martin, X. 1991. “Convergence Across States and Regions,” Brookings Paper on Economic Activity 1: 107-82. Barro, Robert J., dan Sala-i-Martin, X. 1992. “Convergence,” Journal of Political Economy 100: 223-251. Barro, Robert J., dan Sala-i-Martin, X. 1995. Economic Growth. McGraw-Hill, New York. Baumol, W.J. 1986. “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: What the Long Run Data Show,” American Economic Review. Bergstrom, F. 1998. “Regional Policy and Convergence of Real Per Capita Income Among Swedish Counties,” SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance. 284 (November) Bernard, A., dan S. Durlauf. 1996. ”Interpreting tests of The Convergence Hypothesis,” Journal of Economics. Bernard, A., dan S. Durlauf. 1995. ”Convergence in International Output,” Journal of Applied Econometrics. Bernard, A., dan C. Jones. 1996a. ”Productivity and Convergence Across U.S States and Industries,” Empirical Economics. Brata, A.G. 2002. Pengeluaran Pemerintah Daerah dan Konvegensi Pendapatan Per Kapita Studi Kasus Jawa Tengah (1995/1996-1998/1999), Tesis Program Studi IESP PPS-UGM Yogyakarta. Tidak dipublikasikan. Brighten Institute. 2004. Mengatasi Kekurangan dan Ketidakmerataan Infrastruktur di Sektor Pertanian dan Pedesaan. Bogor. Brighten Press. Booth, Anne. 2000. “Poverty and Inequality in the Soeharto Era: An Assessment,” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 36 (1): 73-104. Capolupo, Rosa. 1998. “Convergence in Recent Growth Theories: a Survey,” Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy, Journal of Economic Studies 25 (6): 496-537. Cardenas, Mauricio, dan Adriana Ponton. 1995. “Growth and Convergence in Colombia: 1950-1990,” Journal of Development Economics 47: 5-37. Carlino, G., dan L. Mills. 1996a. “Testing Neoclassical Convergence in Regional Incomes and Earnings,” Regional Science and Urban Economics. Carlino, G., dan L. Mills. 1996b. “Convergence and the U.S States:A Time-series Analysis,” Journal of Regional Science. Deininger, Klaus, dan Lyn Squire. 1997. “Economic Growth and Income Inequality,” Finance & Development, March. De la Fuente, A., 1995a. “The Empirics of Growth and Convergence: a Selective Review,” CEPR Discussion Papers 1275 (November). De la Fuente, A., 1995b. “Catch up, Growth and Convergence in OECD,” CEPR Discussion Paper 1274 (November). Desembriarto, D., 2000. Konvergensi Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita 26 Provinsi di Indonesia periode 1977-1997, Tesis Program Studi IESP PPS-UGM Yogyakarta. Tidak dipublikasikan. Esmara, Hendra. 1975. “Regional Income Disparities,” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 11 (1): 41-57. Fukuchi, Takao, dan Masayo Satoh. 1999. “Technological Distance Between Indonesia and Brazil : a Comparative Study of Technical Input Structure,” The Developing Economies XXXVII-3: 253–74. Garcia, Jorge, dan Lana Soelistianingsih. 1998. “Why Do Differences in Provincial Incomes Persist in Indonesia,” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 34 (1): 95-120. Ghose, Ajit K. 2001. “Global Economic Inequality and International Trade”. Employment Paper 2001/12 Employment Strategy Department, Employment Sector, International Labour Office Geneva, Copyright © International Labour Organization. Gujarati, Damodar N. 1995. Basic Econometrics. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill International Editions, Economic Series. Hamid, Edy Suandi, dan MB Hendrie Anto. 1997. “Telaah Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia,” Jurnal Ekonomi Pemba-ngunan 2 (1): 17 Haryati, Titik. 1997. “Pemerataan Pendidikan Sebagai Sarana Pemerataan Distribusi Pendapatan,” Jurnal Dian Ekonomi FE-UKSW. Hsiao, C. 1986. Analysis of Panel Data. New York: Cambridge University Press. IMF. 1998. “Should Equity Be a Goal of Economic Policy?,” Finance & Development September: 2-5. Kuncoro, M. 1994. “Structural Adjustment in Indonesia: a Survey of Recent Development,” Kelola Gadjah Mada Business Review 5/III/Januari. Kuncoro, M. 1995. “Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia: Dilema Otonomi dan Ketergantungan,” Prisma 4: 3-17. Kuncoro, M. 2002. Analisis Spasial dan Regional: Studi Aglomerasi dan Kluster Industri Indonesia, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN. Kuncoro, M. 2003. Ekonomi Pembangunan : Teori, Masalah, dan Kebijakan, Edisi Ketiga, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN. Lall, Somik V., dan S Serdar Yilmaz. 2000. Regional Economic Convergence: Do Policy Instrument Make a Difference?. The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University. Landiyanto, Agustino Erlangga, dan Wirya Wardaya. Growth and Convergence in Southeast Asia Sugarcane Industries. Department of Economics and Development, Faculty of Economics Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. Lee, Hock-Ann, Kian-Ping Lim, dan M. Azali. 2005. “Income Disparity between Japan and ASEAN-5 Economies: Converge, Catching Up or Diverge?,” Economics Bulletin 6 (13): 1-20. Liew, Venus Khim-Sen dan Kian-Ping Lim. 2005. “Income Divergence? Evidence of Non-linearity in the East Asian Economies,” Economics Bulletin 15 (1): 1-7. Mankiw, N. Gregory. 2000. Teori Ekonomi Makro. Edisi keempat. Erlangga. Jakarta. Martin, P., dan P. Sunley. 1998. ”Slow Convergence? The New Endogenous Growth Theory and Regional Development,” Economic Geography. Otonomi Khusus Papua, 2004. “Quo Davis”?, Kompas, 7 Desember. Rappaport, J. 1999a. “Local Growth Theory”. CID Working Paper 19 (Juni) Rappaport, J. 1999b. “Local Growth Empirics”. CID Working Paper (23) Juli Rey, S.J., dan B. D. Montouri. 1998. “US Regional Income Covergence: a Spatial Econometric Perspective,” Department of Geography San Diego State University. Samen I MA 55 TA 2003, Kajian Penyusunan Indikator Kinerja Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Timur Indonesia, Kerangka Acuan Kerja. Sbergami, Federica. 2002. “Agglomeration and Economic Growth: Some Puzzles,” HEI Working Paper 02. Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva. Sjafrizal. 1997. “Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dam Ketimpangan Regional Wilayah Indonesia Bagian Barat,” Prisma 3 (March). Sukirno, Sadono. 1985. Ekonomi Pembangunan Proses, Masalah, dan Dasar Kebijaksanaan. Bima Grafika, Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia. Tadjoeddin, Zulfan M, Suharyo, Wdjajanti I dan Mishra Satish. 2001. “Aspirasi terhadap Ketidakmerataan: Disparitas Regional dan Konflik Vertikal di Indonesia,” Working Paper Project INS/99/002, Policy Support for Sustainable Social Economic Recovery, UNSFIR, Jakarta. Tambunan, T.H. Tulus. 2001. Perekonomian Indonesia: Teori dan Temuan Empiris. Edisi Kedua. Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta. Todaro, Michael P. 1997. Economic Development in The Third World. Sixth Edition, Longman. Togo, Ken. 2001. “a Brief Survey on Regional Convergence in East Asian Economies,” Musashi University Working Paper 5 F-3. June, Musashi University. Wibisono, Y. 2001. “Determinan Pertum-buhan Ekonomi Regional: Studi Empiris Antar Provinsi di Indonesia,” Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 1 (2): 52-83. Yuwono, Prapto. 1997. “Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi,” Jurnal Dian Ekonomi FE-UKSW.
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2417
| 
views : 23243
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2006 Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
| Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business |
| The Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (print ISSN 2085-8272; online ISSN 2338-5847) is published by the Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
| © 2019 Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business | Visitor Statistics |