Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.24866

Kayat Kayat(1*), Satyawan Pudyatmoko(2), Muchammad Maksum(3), Muhammad Ali Imron(4)

(1) Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Kupang Jl. Alfons Nisnoni No.7B (Belakang) Kupang, NTT
(2) Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(3) Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(4) Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penggembalaan ternak telah diyakini memengaruhi keberadaan satwa liar, termasuk rusa timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) melalui kompetisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggembalaan lepas ternak kuda yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi pesaing bagi rusa timor. Observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan pemilik kuda dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi kuda di habitat rusa timor. Preferensi pakan dari ternak kuda dan rusa timor dikumpulkan menggunakan identifikasi spesies dari kotoran dan dibandingkan dengan plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 di daerah makan dari kedua hewan tersebut selama musim kering dan hujan pada 2014 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada indikasi yang jelas dari persaingan antara rusa timor dan penggembalaan liar kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang. Rusa timor dan kuda tidak terjadi tumpang tindih spasial dalam distribusi mereka di lokasi tersebut. Ternak kuda menempati savana perbukitan, sedangkan rusa lebih suka menempati savana dengan pohon rengit (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) dan lembah dengan vegetasi hutan tropis kering. Selain itu, rusa timor lebih menyukai makan semak dan dedaunan (browser), sementara kuda lebih menyukai rumput (grazer). Kehadiran ternak lepas kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang tidak berpengaruh negatif untuk rusa timor dan habitatnya


Conflict Potential of Free-Roaming Horse Grazing on Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) Habitat in Torong Padang Cape Area, East Nusa Tenggara

Abstract

Livestock grazing had been believed to affect on the existence of wildlife, including the timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) through competition. This study aimed to determine whether the free-roaming horse grazing owned by local communities in Torong Padang Cape, East Nusa Tenggara become a competitor for timor deer. Field observations and interviews with horse owners were carried out to determine the distribution of horse in timor deer habitat. Food preference of both horse and timor deer were collected using species identification from feces and compared with 1 x 1 m2 plots at feeding areas of both animals during the dry and rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015. There is no clear indication of competition between timor deer and free-roaming horses in the Torong Padang Cape area.The deer and horse avoided overlapping spatially in their distribution in the Cape. The free-roaming horse mainly occupied hilly savanna, whereas timor deer preferred to occupy savanna with lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) and valleys with tropical dry forest vegetation. In addition, the timor deer prefer to feed shrubs and foliage (browser), while horses prefer grass (grazer). The presence of free-roaming horse in the Torong Padang Capearea does not affect negatively for the timor deer and its habitat.


Keywords


competition; horse; livestock; Tanjung Torong Padang; wildlife interaction

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.24866

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