Hiperdominansi Jenis dan Biomassa Pohon di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.24903

Andes Hamuraby Rozak(1*), Sri Astutik(2), Zaenal Mutaqien(3), Didik Widyatmoko(4), Endah Sulistyawati(5)

(1) Kebun Raya Cibodas, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Cianjur, Jawa Barat 43253; Telepon: 0263 – 512233
(2) Kebun Raya Cibodas, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Cianjur, Jawa Barat 43253; Telepon: 0263 – 512233
(3) Kebun Raya Cibodas, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Cianjur, Jawa Barat 43253; Telepon: 0263 – 512233
(4) Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, Jawa Barat 16003
(5) Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl.Ganesa 10 Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.


Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia

Abstract

The hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.



Keywords


biomass hyperdominance; large trees; Mount Gede Pangrango National Park; small trees; species hyperdominance

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.24903

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