Pengaruh Beberapa Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisika Tanah pada Pertumbuhan 30 Famili Uji Keturunan Jati (Tectona grandis) Umur 10 Tahun
Daryono Prehaten(1*), Sapto Indrioko(2), Suryo Hardiwinoto(3), Mohammad Na'iem(4), Haryono Supriyo(5)
(1) Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Pertumbuhan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan adalah sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Beberapa famili jati yang ditanam pada lokasi yang berbeda diduga mempunyai respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan (tinggi dan diameter) tanaman jati dari 30 famili yang ditanam pada dua lokasi yang berbeda, secara khusus untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sifat kimia dan fisika tanah pada pertumbuhan jati di dua lokasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan 30 famili jati yaitu tinggi total tanaman dan diameter setinggi dada. Sampel tanah diambil dengan terlebih dahulu membuat lubang profil tanah berukuran 1 m × 1 m dengan kedalaman 1 meter kemudian sampel diambil dari kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, dan 40-60 cm. Sifat kimia yang diamati adalah pH H2O, C Organik, N total, P, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia serta Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation (KPK), sedangkan sifat fisik yang diukur adalah tekstur. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan melakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter diameter tanaman, semua (30) famili tanaman jati menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata di antara dua lokasi, sedangkan parameter tinggi hanya sebagian kecil famili yang berbeda nyata. Karakter kimia dan fisik tanah juga menunjukkan perbedaan nyata di antara dua lokasi. Parameter kimia tanah yaitu pH H2O, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia, berbeda nyata antara 2 lokasi sedangkan kandungan C Organik, P tersedia dan KPK tidak berbeda nyata. Sementara dari sifat fisiknya, kandungan lempung dan debu pada dua lokasi berbeda nyata, sedangkan kandungan pasirnya tidak berbeda secara nyata. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan beberapa sifat tanah memang memengaruhi respon tanaman jati dalam hal pertumbuhan baik tinggi maupun diameternya.
The Effect of Soil Chemical and Physical Characteristics on Growth of 30 Families of Teak (Tectona grandis) in a 10-year-old Progeny Test
Abstract
Some environmental factors that greatly affect plant growth are soil’s physical and chemical properties. Some teak families planted at different locations alleged to have different growth responses. This study aimed to investigate the growth response of teak (height and diameter) from 30 families, and to determine the effect of soil chemical and physical characteristics on teak growth in two different locations. Teaks were measured for total height and diameter at breast height. Soil pits (size: 1 m x 1 m and 1 m in depth) were dug and samples were taken from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth. Soil characteristics measurement were conducted on pH (H2O), organic carbon, total Nitrogen, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, also the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Further, soil physical properties been measured was soil texture. Statistical analysis was performed by t- test. The results showed that teak’s diameter of all 30 families, showed significant differences between the two locations, while only a small proportion of height parameters significantly differed among families. Chemical and physical characters of the soil also showed differences between the two locations. Soil pH (H2O), available K, Ca, and Mg, were significantly differed between the two locations while the content of organic C, available P and the CEC were not significantly differed. For the soil physical properties, content of clay and silt in two location significantly differed whereas the sand content did not differ significantly. These differences indicate that some properties of the soil were affecting the growth response of teak famili in terms of both height and diameter.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anonim. 2016a. Ngawi dalam Angka 2015. Seksi Integrasi Pengolahan dan Diseminasi Statistik. BPS Kabupaten Ngawi.
Anonim. 2016b. Blora dalam Angka 2015. Seksi Integrasi Pengolahan dan Diseminasi Statistik. BPS Kabupaten Blora.
Baker FS, Daniel TW, Helms JA. 1979. Principles of silviculture. McGraw Hill Inc. Book Co., New York.
Bhargava M. 2007. Structure, development and reproduction in flowering plants: Shoot system (Meristems, stem structure and anatomy, and secondary growth). Department of Botany, Zakir Hussain College. Jawahar Lal Marg, New Delhi.Boley JD, Drew AP, Andrus RE. 2009. Effects of active pasture, teak (Tectona grandis) and mixed native plantations on soil chemistry in Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management 257:2254–2261.
Buckman HO, Brady N. 1969. The nature and properties of soils. The Macmillan Company. New York. Diterjemahkan oleh Soegiman. 1982. Ilmu Tanah. Bharata Karya Aksara, Jakarta. Davis LS, Johnson KN. 1987. Forest management. Third Edition. McGrawHill Book Company, New York.
Faridah E, Widiyatno. 2011. Laporan Akhir Tahun III: Uji klon jati. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Yogyakarta.
Haneda NF, Marfuah NT. 2013. Diversity of soil arthropods in teak plantation forests at Cepu, Blora, Central Java. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropis 19(3) : 169 -177
Hardiwinoto S, Budiadi, Priyanto SD, Widiyatno. 2012. Respon pertumbuhan semai jati (Tectona grandis) unggul dari stek pucuk dan okulasi terhadap pupuk organik di Wanagama. Laporan Akhir Penelitian DPP. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Yogyakarta.
Hardiwinoto S, Sukirno, Widiyatno, Chanan M. 2013. Identifikasi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan jati unggul. Laporan Akhir Penelitian DPP. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Yogyakarta.
Hardjodarsono. 1984. Jati. Cetakan ke-4. Yayasan Pembina Fakultas Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta
Jenny H. 1994. System of quantitative pedology. Dover Publication Inc, New York.
Kumar NP, Devakumar AS, Sheshshayee MS, Mohankumar MV. 2014. Dendroclimatological approach to evaluate Tectona grandis L. for moisture stress response. Trees 28:1053–1063.
Kramer PJ, Kozlowski T. 1979. Physiology of woody plants. Academic Press, New York.
Palanisamy K, Gireesan K, Nagarajan V, Hegde M. 2009. Selection and clonal multiplication of superior trees of teak (Tectona grandis) and preliminary evaluation of clones. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 21(2): 168–174.
Pratiwi, Lust N. 1994. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) forests in Java, Indonesia : Plantations, management and policy. Silva Gandavensis 59: 97-118
Simon H. 1995. Hutan jati dan kemakmuran. Aditya Media, Yogyakarta.
Supangat AB, Putra PB. 2010. Kajian infiltrasi tanah pada berbagai tegakan jati (Tectona grandis L.) di Cepu, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 7(2) : 149-159.
Suzuki R, Takeda S, Thein HM. 2007. Chronosequence changes in soil properties of teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in the Bago Mountains Myanmar. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 19(4):207-217.
Walkley A, Black IA. 1934. An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37:29-37.
Widjajani BW, Wisnubroto EI, Sukresno, Utomo WH. 2011. The sustainability of teak forest management in Cepu, Central Java, Indonesia: A soil resources point of view. Basic and Applied Scientific Research 1(9):1207-1213.
Zhou Z, Liang K, Xu D, Zhang Y, Huang G, Ma H.2012. Effects of calcium, boron and nitrogen fertilization on the growth of teak (Tectona grandis) seedlings and chemical property of acidic soil substrate. New Forests 43:231–243.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.34109
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 14646 | views : 23486Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International