Lessons Learned from Social Forestry Policy in Java Forest: Shaping the Way Forward for New Forest Status in ex-Perhutani Forest Area
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Andita Aulia Pratama(1*)
(1) Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Forest resource control in Indonesia has progressed from stringent state control towards a more community and indigenous based. Indonesia has embarked a journey in agrarian reform and social forestry to achieve a more balanced portion of forest resource control. The social forestry has manifested in the Collaborative Forest Management Program (PHBM) by Perhutani with the establishment of Forest Community Institution (LMDH) as its core. Forest for Special Purpose (KHDTK) Getas – Ngandong was chosen as the study case since it offers striking issue in social forestry program in the past and the outlook for the new forest status. This paper attempted to identify the policy learning from the past forest resource arrangement i.e., social forestry policy for the new forest status outlook. We identified the policy prior to the social forestry program and the implementation of social forestry from Perhutani. Subsequently, we identified policy learning from that past policy and tried to formulate the policy outlook for the new forest status. The data obtained through an interview to key informants complemented with observation, study literature, and document study. We found that past policy does not incorporate the local community in the forest utilization. The social forestry by Perhutani in their PHBM also showed indifferent approach which positioned the local community unequal with the Perhutani as social forestry promised. We identified fundamental changes should be done, which should prioritize social aspect before seeking out the economic and ecological restoration of the forest. We found the new forest status might hamper the implementation for the new forest policy which driven by the social forestry ideas. If only the new forest status could enable social aspect, the new manager will require tremendous support, robust institution, and plentiful resources to implement their policy.
Pembelajaran dari Kebijakan Perhutani Sosial di Hutan Jawa: Menyusun Langkah Ke-depan untuk Status Hutan Baru di Kawasan Hutan eks-Perhutani
Intisari
Pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia yang dulunya didominasi oleh peran sentral negara saat ini telah mulai bergeser menjadi pengelolaan yang berbasis masyarakat dan adat. Program perhutanan sosial dan reforma agraria telah dijalankan untuk mendapatkan
kebermanfaatan hasil hutan secara lebih adil. Perhutanan sosial tersebut termanifestasikan dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) dari Perhutani dengan pembentukan Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH). Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Getas – Ngandong memberikan suatu kasus yang menarik karena memperlihatkan adanya konteks perhutanan sosial di masa lampau dalam PHBM dan pengelolaan yang sedang dilakukan saat ini dengan adanya perubahan status dan pengelola. Artikel ini menggali pembelajaran dari kebijakan dari pengelolaan hutan di masa lalu (perhutanan sosial dalam PHBM) dan pandangan ke depan pengelolaan dengan konsep perhutanan sosial dengan status yang baru. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara kepada informan kunci yang dilengkapi dengan observasi langsung, studi literatur dan studi dokumen. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, didapat hasil bahwa kebijakan di masa lampau tidak mengikutsertakan masyarakat sekitar dalam pengelolaan hutan. Kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perhutanan sosial dari PHBM juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perubahan signifikan karena juga tidak menempatkan masyarakat sebagai mitra setara seperti yang dijanjikan konsep perhutanan sosial. Perubahan fundamental yang harus dilakukan mencakup perubahan fokus pembangunan hutan ke aspek sosial sebelum fokus ke aspek ekonomi dan ekologi hutan. Perubahan status yang baru juga terlihat dapat menghambat implementasi dari kebijakan perhutanan sosial yang baru. Apabila aspek sosial dapat diselesaikan maka selanjutnya akan masih ada banyak tantangan yang harus dihadapi pengelola baru. Pengelola baru akan membutuhkan dukungan yang besar dari segi sumber daya dan perlu membentuk institusi secara utuh untuk dapat mengimplementasikan kebijakannya.
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