Analisis Kebijakan RAD Membangun Generasi Unggul melalui 8000 HPK di Kota Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.94906

Tri Siswati(1*), Tjaronosari Tjaronosari(2), Joko Susilo(3), Sujiyatini Sujiyatini(4), Dewanti Evita Julian Wulandari Wuryaningsih(5), Siti Budi Utami(6)

(1) Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta Center of Excellent, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
(2) Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta Center of Excellent, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
(3) Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta Center of Excellent, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
(4) Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta Center of Excellent, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
(5) Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta
(6) Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta Center of Excellent, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Sasaran percepatan penurunan stunting meliputi periode kehamilan hingga remaja, dimana setiap periode kehidupan mempunyai peluang untuk memperbaiki kegagalan pertumbuhan masa lampau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil evaluasi implementasi kebijakan Rencana Aksi Daerah (RAD) membangun generasi unggul melalui 8000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) tahun 2021-2025 Kota Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mix method, yaitu kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional meliputi analisis situasi kesehatan dan faktor yang berkaitan serta capaian program. Sumber data diperoleh dari dokumen laporan data rutin dan web resmi lainnya. Data dianalisis dengan cara deskriptif dengan menyajikan proporsi, trend, narasi, tabel dan gambar. Sedangkan penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan desain rapid assessment procedures (RAP) melalui FGD dan in depth interview serta dianalisis secara manual berdasarkan tema dan sub-sub tema. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah panduan wawancara, panduan FGD dan recorder. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa prevalensi stunting di Kota Yogyakarta telah mengalami penurunan. Hingga akhir tahun 2023, evaluasi penanggulangan stunting dilakukan dengan menggunakan indikator sesuai Perpres tahun 72 tahun 2021 tentang percepatan penurunan stunting, namun evaluasi dengan indikator yang tertera dalam RAD 8000 HPK belum dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh. Beberapa faktor yang mendukung penurunan prevalensi stunting adalah komitmen pimpinan daerah, tata kelola stunting yang baik, capaian program yang tinggi/diatas target, indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) dan rata-rata lama sekolah (RLS) yang tinggi. Sedangkan faktor penghambat penurunan stunting adalah kesenjangan ekonomi, pengetahuan, partisipasi masyarakat ke Posyandu, perilaku buang sampah sembarangan dan akses layanan jaminan kesehatan bagi penduduk non KTP Kota Yogyakarta.


Keywords


Implementation; Policy; Stunting; Children; 8000 early day life

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Stunting Policy Brief. 2014.
  2. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Heal. 34:250–265.
  3. Orellana JDY, Gatica-Domínguez G, Vaz JDS, Neves PAR, de Vasconcellos ACS, Hacon S de S, et al. Intergenerational association of short maternal stature with stunting in yanomami indigenous children from the brazilian amazon. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):1–14.
  4. De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Alaaraj N, Ahmed S, Alyafei F HN, Soliman A, De Sanctis V, Alaaraj N, Ahmed S, Alyafei F, et al. Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(1):1–12.
  5. de Onis M, Branca F. Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12:12–26.
  6. Abdullahi LH. Best practices and opportunities for integrating nutrition specific into nutrition sensitive interventions in fragile contexts: a systematic review’. BMC Nutr. 7(1):1–17.
  7. Purba RO, Siagian A, Aulia D. The Analysis of Implementation of Specific and Sensitive Nutritional Intervention Programs in Reducing Stunting Toddler in Langkat District 2018. Budapest Int Res Critics Inst Humanit Soc Sci. 2020;3(3):2451–7.
  8. Hoddinott J, Alderman H, Behrman JR, Haddad L, Horton S. The economic rationale for investing in stunting reduction. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;2020(2013):69–82.
  9. Bundy DAP, de Silva N, Horton S, Patton GC, Schultz L, Jamison DT, et al. Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition The Lancet. Lancet. 3rd ed. 2018;391(10121):687 – 699.
  10. Kemenkes RI. Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia Tingkat Nasional, Propinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia; 2021.
  11. Saaka M, Galaa SZ. Relationships between Wasting and Stunting and Their Concurrent Occurrence in Ghanaian Preschool Children. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016.
  12. Thurstans S, Sessions N, Dolan C, Sadler K, Cichon B, Isanaka S, et al. The relationship between wasting and stunting in young children: A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2022;18(1).
  13. Zaba T, Conkle J, Nyawo M, Foote D, Myatt M. Concurrent wasting and stunting among children 6–59 months: an analysis using district-level survey data in Mozambique. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):1–10.
  14. Dinkes Kota Yogyakarta. Profil Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2021. 2020;107:107–26.
  15. Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(2):95–107.
  16. Djalalinia S, Qorbani M, Peykari N, Kelishadi R. Health Impacts of Obesity - Obesity Canada. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(1):239–42.
  17. Undurraga EA, Behrman JR, Emmett SD, Kidd C, Leonard WR, Piantadosi ST, et al. Child stunting is associated with weaker human capital among native Amazonians. Am J Hum Biol. 2018;30(1):1–18.
  18. Adair LS, Fall CHD, Osmond C, Stein AD, Martorell R, Ramirez-Zea M, et al. Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: Findings from five birth cohort studies. Lancet. 2013;382(9891):525–34.
  19. Reynaldo Martorell. Improved Nutrition in the First 1000 Days and Adult Human Capital and Health. Am J Hum Biol. 2017;29(2):1–24.
  20. Walikota Yogyakarta. Perwal Kota Yogyakarta no 41 tahun 2021 tentang Rencana Aksi Daerah Mempersiapkan Generasi Unggul Melalui Pogram 8000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan Tahun 2021-2025. Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2021.
  21. Presiden RI. Perpres no 72 tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Jakarta, Indonesia; 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 1]. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/174964/perpres-no-72-tahun-2021.
  22. Arianto S. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) D.I. Yogyakarta 2022. Badan Pus Stat. 2022;(73):1–7.
  23. Kasjono HS, Wijanarko A, Amelia R, Fadillah D, Wijanarko W, Sutaryono. Impact of Early Marriage on Childhood Stunting. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science, Health, Economics, Education and Technology (ICoSHEET 2019). 2020. p. 172–4.
  24. Pangaribuan IK, Sari I, Simbolon M, Manurung B, Ramuni K. Relationship between early marriage and teenager pregnancy to stunting in toddler at Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang 2019. Enferm Clin. 2020;30(2019):88–91.
  25. Efevbera, Y., Bhabha, J., Farmer, P. E., & Fink G, Efevbera Y, Bhabha J, Farmer PE, Fink G. Girl child marriage as a risk factor for early childhood development and stunting. Soc Sci Med. 2017;185(185):91–101.
  26. Singh S, Samara R. Early Marriage among Women in Developing Countries. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 1996;22(4):148–57.
  27. Alemayehu WG. Effect of maternal education, early marriage and prenatal care on child undernutrition in Ethiopia. Am J Public Heal Res. 2018;6(3):139–47.
  28. Starbird E, Norton M. Investing in Family Planning : Key to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. PubMed Cent. 2020;4(2):191–210.
  29. Kozuki N, Katz J, Lee ACC, Vogel JP, Silveira MF, Sania A, et al. Short maternal stature increases risk of small for-gestational-age and preterm births in lowand middle-income countries: Individual participant data meta-analysis and population attributable fraction. J Nutr. 2015;145(11):2542–50.
  30. Figueiredo ACMG, Gomes-Filho IS, Silva RB, Pereira PPS, Da Mata FAF, Lyrio AO, et al. Maternal anemia and low birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(5):1–17.
  31. Kemenkes RI. SSGBI Terintegrasi SUSENAS 2019. Jakarta, Indonesia; 2019.
  32. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Buku Saku Hasil Studi SSGI Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2021. 33. Kemenkes RI. Survei Status Gizi SSGI 2022. BKPK Kemenkes RI. 2022;1–156.
  33. Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Mater and Child Nutr Oct. 2018;14(4).
  34. WHO. Social Determinant of Health [Internet]. WHO. World Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2016 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/social-determinants/social-determinants.
  35. WHO. Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) - Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000 - 2020 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.unwater.org/.
  36. Dangour AD, Watson L, Cumming O, Boisson S, Che Y, Velleman Y, et al. Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8(8).
  37. BKKBN. Peraturan BKKBN No. 12 Tahun 2021. Menteri Kesehat Republik Indones Peratur Menteri Kesehat Republik Indones. 2020;69(555):1–53.
  38. Afandi M, Anomsari E, Novira A, Sudartini S. A Penta-Helix Approach to Collaborative Governance of Stunting Intervention In West Java Indonesia. ICAS 2021, September 15, Bandung, Indonesia.2022.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.94906

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1218 | views : 748

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia : JKKI

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia : JKKI [ISSN 2089 2624 (print); ISSN 2620 4703 (online)] is published by Center for Health Policy and Management (CHPM). This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Built on the Public Knowledge Project's OJS 2.4.8.1.
 Web Analytics View My Stats