Perbedaan Efektivitas Terapi Menelan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Demografi Pasien Disfagia Stroke

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.35295

Bayu Fandhi Achmad(1*), Aan Nuraeni(2), Muhammad Zafrullah Arifin(3)

(1) Departemen Keperawatan Dasar dan Emergensi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Keperawatan, Universitas Padjadjaran
(3) Program Studi Ilmu Bedah Saraf, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Increased risk of aspiration often occurs in patients with dysphagia stroke due to cranial nerve damage. The existing method for lowering aspiration risk has weaknesses so that a new therapy is needed that is swallowing therapy. 
Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of swallowing therapy and to identify differences in the effectiveness of swallowing therapy based on the demographical characteristics of patients with dysphagia stroke. 
Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest single group design with the number of samples were 16 respondents which obtained through consecutive sampling technique. The data were collected from February-March 2016 at Stroke Unit of RSUD Dr. Harjono Ponorogo through observation using Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) instrument. The data analyses used in this study were Wilcoxon test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests.
Results: The results showed that there was a difference of effect of swallow therapy between pretest and posttest (p=0,002). Swallowing therapy had no significant effectiveness difference when applied to various demographic characteristics of respondents including age (p=0,596), gender (p=0,243), and type of stroke (p=0,524).
Conclusion: Swallowing therapy has a positive effect to decrease the risk of aspiration in dysphagia stroke patients and has equally good effect if applied to a variety of patient characteristics according to the demographics of the study respondents. 

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan risiko aspirasi pada pasien disfagia stroke disebabkan karena kerusakan saraf kranial terutama saraf kranial V, VII, IX, X, dan XII. Metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan risiko aspirasi adalah strategi kompensasi dan penggunaan nutrisi semisolid, akan tetapi masing-masing metode tersebut masih memiliki kelemahan sehingga dibutuhkan terapi baru yaitu terapi menelan yang mengkombinasikan kelebihan dan mengurangi kelemahan dari masing-masing terapi tersebut. 
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi menelan dan mengidentifikasi perbedaan efektivitas terapi menelan berdasarkan karakteristik demografi pasien disfagia stroke. 
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental pretest-posttest single group design dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 16 responden yang didapatkan melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dari Bulan Februari - Maret 2016 di Unit Stroke RSUD Dr. Harjono Ponorogo. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). Analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon, Kruskal wallis dan Mann whitney.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh terapi menelan antara pretest dan posttest (p=0,002). Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektifitas terapi menelan yang signifikan saat diterapkan pada berbagai karakteristik demografi responden yang meliputi usia (p=0,596), jenis kelamin (p=0,243), dan jenis stroke (p=0,524). 
Kesimpulan: Terapi menelan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan risiko aspirasi pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia serta tidak memiliki perbedaan efektifitas yang signifikan saat diterapkan pada berbagai karakteristik demografi responden, untuk itu terapi menelan memiliki efektifitas yang sama baiknya jika diterapkan pada berbagai karakteristik pasien.


Keywords


aspirasi; disfagia; stroke; terapi menelan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.35295

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