Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Penerimaan Orang Tua terhadap Vaksinasi HPV di SMP Kota Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.71832

Arina Zulfa(1), Wiwin Lismidiati(2*), Anita Kustanti(3)

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Keperawatan Anak dan Maternitas, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: One of Cervical cancer etiology is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection which is transmitted through sexual activity. The main prevention of cervical cancer from WHO is through HPV vaccination in girls aged 9-14 years old who have not been sexually active. Factors related to parental acceptance of HPV vaccination are knowledge, attitude, and parental consent.
Objective: To describe student parents’ knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of HPV vaccination in junior high schools of Yogyakarta City.
Method: This descriptive study used a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at several  junior high schools in Yogyakarta city which involving 332 parents of grade VII and VIII students. Data collection was carried out online because it coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic. Knowledge, attitude, and acceptance questionnaires were prepared and tested for validity and reliability. Chi-square data analysis and fisher test were used to test bivariate aspect.
Results: There were 59.3% of respondents who had a high level of knowledge, 57.2% of respondents who had positive attitude regarding this, and 92.5% allowed their children if they were given the HPV vaccination. The level of knowledge was related to the level of education (p=0.000) and information exposure about cervical cancer (p<0.05). Attitude was significantly related to parental income (p=0.014) and level of education (p=0.016). Parents' acceptance of the HPV vaccine was associated with parents' education level (p=0.013).
Conclusion: Parents of junior high school students in Yogyakarta City have a high level of knowledge, a positive attitude, and good acceptance of HPV vaccination.

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Salah satu etiologi kanker serviks adalah Infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) yang ditularkan melalui aktivitas seksual. Pencegahan utama kanker serviks dari WHO melalui vaksinasi HPV pada anak perempuan berusia 9-14 tahun yang belum aktif melakukan hubungan seksual. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerimaan orang tua terhadap vaksinasi HPV adalah pengetahuan, sikap, dan persetujuan orang tua.
Tujuan: Mendapatkan gambaran tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan penerimaan orang tua terhadap vaksinasi HPV di SMP Kota Yogyakarta.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di beberapa SMP di Kota Yogyakarta yang melibatkan 332 orang tua siswi SMP kelas VII dan VIII. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara daring karena bersamaan dengan pandemi Covid-19. Kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, dan penerimaan disusun serta sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Uji Chi Square dan Fisher Test digunakan dalam analisis bivariat pada penelitian ini.
Hasil: Sebanyak 59,3% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tinggi dan 57,2% responden memiliki sikap positif terkait vaksinasi HPV, serta 92,5% bersedia jika anaknya diberikan vaksinasi HPV. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan dengan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,000) dan pengalaman mendengar/paparan terhadap informasi kanker serviks (p<0,05). Sikap memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan pendapatan orang tua (p=0,014) dan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,016). Penerimaan orang tua terhadap vaksin HPV berhubungan dengan tingkat pendidikan orang tua (p=0,013).
Simpulan: Orang tua siswi SMP Kota Yogyakarta memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi, sikap yang positif, dan penerimaan yang baik  terhadap vaksinasi HPV.


Keywords


orang tau; penerimaan; pengetahuan; sikap; vaksinasi HPV

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. World Health Organization. Immunization coverage (homepage on the internet). c.2019 [update 2023 Jul 18; cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage.
  2. Martín-Hernán et al. Oral cancer, HPV infection and evidence of sexual transmission. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013; 18(3): 439-444. https://doi.org/10.4317%2Fmedoral.18419.
  3. World Health Organization. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer. 2019 [update 2022 Feb 22; cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer.
  4. Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). . Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Report. c.2019. [update 2023 Mar 10; cited 2023]. Available from https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/XWX.pdf.
  5. Arifah K, Damayanti W, Sitaresmi MN. Kesediaan Mendapat Vaksinasi Human Papilloma Virus pada Remaja Putri Di Yogyakarta. Sari Pediatr. 2017;18(6):430. https://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp18.6.2017.430-5.
  6. Allen JD, Othus MKD, Shelton RC, Li Y, Norman N, Tom L, et al. Parental Decision Making about the HPV Vaccine. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010; 19(9): 2187-2198. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0217.
  7. Endarti D, Kristina SA, Farida MA, Rahmawanti Y, Andriani T. Knowledge Perception, and Acceptance of HPV Vaccination and Screening for Cervical Cancer among Women in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19(4): 1105–1111. https://doi.org/10.22034%2FAPJCP.2018.19.4.1105.
  8. Notoatmodjo S. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku: Cetakan I. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta; 2007.
  9. Gattegno MV., Vertamatti MAF, Bednarczyk RA, Evans DP. A cross-sectional survey of parental attitudes towards Human papillomavirus vaccination exclusion categories in Brazil. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019;1 9(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-019-0195-5.
  10. Lawless K, Murphy P, Marignol L, Poole C. Influences impacting the attitudes of parents towards the HPV vaccine. J Cancer Prev Curr Res. 2020; 11(1): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.15406/jcpcr.2020.11.00416.
  11. Rachmani B, Shaluhiyah Z, Cahyo K. Sikap Remaja Peremp Terhadap Pencegah Kanker Serviks Melalui Vaksinasi HPV di kota Semarang. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2014; 11(1): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.11.1.34-41.
  12. Karneli NK, Suwiyoga K, Sudibya IGA. Kesediaan membayar vaksinasi kanker serviks di sekolah menengah umum Kabupaten Badung. Public Heal Prev Med Arch. 2013;1(1):52. Available from: https://www.neliti.com/publications/21521/kesediaan-membayar-vaksinasi-kanker-serviks-di-sekolah-menengah-umum-kabupaten-b#cite
  13. Lismidiati W, Emilia O, Widyawati W. Need vs .Financing Capability: Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations among Adolescents. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(10): 2959–64. https://doi.org/10.31557%2FAPJCP.2019.20.10.2959.
  14. Wijayanti KE, Schütze H, MacPhail C, Braunack-Mayer A. Parents’ knowledge, beliefs, acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine in members of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Vaccine [Internet]. 2021; 39(17): 2335–2343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.049.
  15. He J, He L. Knowledge of HPV and acceptability of HPV vaccine among women in western China : a cross-sectional survey. BMC Women's Health. 2018; 18(130): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0619-8.
  16. Rahayu N, Meilani N, Santoso S. Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Orangtua Siswi Perempuan Kelas 5 Tentang Vaksinasi Hpv Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wates Tahun 2018 [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta; 2018.
  17. Srisuwan S, Puapornpong P, Srisuwan S, Bhamarapravatana K, Suwannarurk K. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among village health volunteers. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2015; 16(7): 2895–2898. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2895.
  18. Notoatmodjo S. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2007.
  19. Nahak PAL, Yuliwar R, Warsono. Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Kanker Serviks Dengan Sikap Untuk Mengikuti Imunisasi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Di Kelurahan Tlogomas Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Nurs News (Meriden). 2018; 3(1): 358–368. https://doi.org/10.33366/nn.v3i1.762.
  20. Rahmayanti S, Asfeni A, Niriyah S. Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur (Pus) Terhadap Imunisasi Vaksin HPV. J Ners Indones. 2019; 9(1): 33. https://doi.org/10.31258/jni.9.1.33-40.
  21. Azwar S. Sikap Manusia Teori dan Pengukurannya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar; 2010.
  22. Nurzia N. Hubungan Pengetahuan, Status Ekonomi, Peran Petugaskesehatan dan Peran Keluarga Terhadap Vaksinasi HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Di Klinik Dara Jingga Kota Jambi Tahun 2017. 2018; 18(1): 215–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v18i1.450.
  23. Sari AP, Syahrul F. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tindakan Vaksinasi HPV Pada Wanita Usia Dewasa. J Berk Epidemiol. 2014;2(3):321–30. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.V2I32014.321-330.
  24. Ndejjo R, Mukama T, Musinguzi G, Halage AA, Ssempebwa JC, Musoke D. Women’s intention to screen and willingness to vaccinate their daughters against cervical cancer - A cross sectional study in eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4180-4.
  25. Frianto D, Ashari AD, Amal S, Farmasi F, Buana U, Karawang P, et al. The Influence of Attitude Factors on Reception Hpv Vaccine in Parents of Primary School Students in Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur and Tegalwaru. Pharma Xplore. 2020;5(2):41–8. https://doi.org/10.36805/jpx.v5i2.1192.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.71832

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4035 | views : 3480

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Arina Zulfa, Wiwin Lismidiati, Anita Kustanti



Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) 
collaborates with DPW PPNI DIY

Lisensi Creative Commons  

Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.